Figure 1. Schematic of study cohort and experimental setup.

(A) The study cohort consisted of 3 groups, with individuals that had lived in malaria-endemic areas from child-hood (previously exposed, n = 34), that were infected for the first time (primary infected, n = 17), and healthy individuals with no history of travel to malaria-endemic areas (healthy controls, n = 14). Individuals with malaria were sampled for peripheral blood at the acute infection and at 10 days and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after acute infection. (B) Country of origin of previously exposed (red) and primary infected (blue) individuals. All healthy controls had Swedish origin. (C) The number of donors and samples from previously exposed (red), primary infected (blue), and healthy controls (black) used with each method.