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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2019 May;25(5):530–545. doi: 10.1017/S1355617719000122

Table 4.

Raw neuropsychological test scores (mean, standard deviation) by age group for different education levels.

Education Level B±SE/t/pa
Test Age group ≤ High school
(HS)
≤ College > College
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
MMSE N=90 N=194 N=118 .29±.12 /2.39 /.02
Total score 90-91 27.5 (2.1) 28.0 (1.6) 28.3 (1.3)
92-94 27.8 (1.9) 28.2 (1.7) 28.3 (1.7)
≥95 26.9 (2.1) 27.6 (1.7) 27.5 (2.2)
Overall 27.5 (2.0) 28.0 (1.7) 28.1 (1.8)
3MS N=85 N=185 N=109 1.45±.31 /4.62 /<.01
Total score 90-91 92.5 (4.3) 94.7 (4.3) 96.1 (3.0)
92-94 92.5 (5.2) 94.6 (3.9) 95.8 (4.0)
≥95 91.7 (7.2) 93.4 (4.2) 93.3 (4.3)
Overall 92.3 (5.4) 94.3 (4.2) 95.2 (4.0)
BNT-Short N=61 N=157 N=86 .44±.16 /2.80 /<.01
Total correct 90-91 12.3 (2.7) 13.6 (1.4) 13.1 (1.5)
92-94 12.3 (2.0) 12.8 (2.0) 13.3 (1.6)
≥95 11.2 (2.1) 12.3 (1.8) 12.2 (2.0)
Overall 12.1 (2.3) 12.9 (1.9) 13.0 (1.8)
Animal Fluency N=90 N=193 N=117 .79±.28 /2.86 /<.01
Total correct 90-91 13.3 (4.0) 14.5 (4.1) 16.6 (4.2)
92-94 14.2 (3.8) 14.6 (3.7) 15.3 (4.0)
≥95 13.8 (3.5) 13.7 (3.3) 14.1 (5.3)
Overall 13.8 (3.8) 14.3 (3.7) 15.4 (4.5)
Letter F Fluency N=68 N=168 N=99 .99±.32 /3.10 /<.01
Total correct 90-91 11.1 (3.1) 13.4 (4.4) 13.1 (4.4)
92-94 11.1 (3.8) 13.1 (4.0) 13.2 (3.5)
≥95 11.1 (4.5) 12.8 (4.5) 13.6 (4.3)
Overall 11.1 (3.8) 13.1 (4.3) 13.3 (3.9)
CERAD Construction N=90 N=195 N=118 .22±.10 /2.17 /.03
Total score 90-91 8.8 (1.4) 9.4 (1.3) 8.8 (0.8)
92-94 8.9 (1.4) 9.2 (1.3) 9.2 (1.2)
≥95 9.5 (1.1) 9.6 (1.2) 9.2 (1.1)
Overall 9.1 (1.2) 9.1 (1.3) 9-5 (1.1)

Notes: Scores are provided only for tests for which education level significantly contributed to test performance after controlling for age. MMSE – Mini-Mental State Examination, 3MS - Modified Mini-Mental State Exam, BNT-Short – Boston Naming Test – Short Form (15 items)

a

B±SE /t /p – Parameter Estimate±Standard Error /t-value /p-value from linear regression analysis with age as continuous and education as categorical variable (high school or less, some college to completed college, some graduate school to completed graduate school)

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