Table 5.

Multivariate Latent Growth Curve Model with Quality of Life Unstandardized Estimates

	Multivariate Covariances
Parameters	Estimates	SE	p-value
FB level and QoL level	−30.74	17.10	07
FB level and QoL change	35.37	21.69	10
QoL level and FB change	13.42	19.64	49
FB change and QoL change	−64.08	25.43	< .05
FB and QoL Residuals	−10.73	5.34	< .05

	Family Burden Model			Quality of Life Model
Parameters	Estimates	SE	p-value	Estimates	SE	p-value
	Latent Growth Curve
Level factor mean	43.57	2.14	<.01	54.11	2.57	<.01
Level factor residual	140.12	17.93	<.01	211.45	29.59	<.01
Change factor mean	−13.89	2.88	<.01	16.37	3.49	<.01
Change factor residual	122.11	27.80	<.01	119.47	41.99	<.01
Level and change covariance	−75.18	18.40	<.01	20.82	28.04	.46
Indicator residual variance	47.31	4.35	<.01	135.20	8.87	<.01
	Time-Varying Covariate Effects
MA at Baseline	−2.04	3.97	.61	6.57	4.28	.12
MA at 6 months	−0.72	2.94	.81	2.02	3.91	.61
MA at 12 months	1.93	3.48	.58	−12.45	3.63	<.01
MA at 18 months	5.60	3.11	.07	−0.71	4.27	.87
MA at 24 months	3.60	4.05	.37	−2.98	4.65	.52
DS at Baseline	−0.24	0.22	.28	−0.82	0.23	<.01
DS at 6 months	0.61	0.22	<.01	−1.28	0.25	<.01
DS at 12 months	0.69	0.26	<.01	−1.09	0.33	<.01
DSatl 8 months	0.54	0.29	.07	−1.69	0.33	<.01
DS at 24 months	−0.04	.46	.93	−1.66	0.39	<.01
	Time-Invariant Covariate Effects
Gender → level factor	1.93	2.08	.35	8.09	2.61	<.01
Age → level factor	−0.22	0.19	.24	−0.25	0.24	.30
DUP → level factor	0.01	0.01	.92	−0.01	.01	.29
FP → level factor	3.07	1.99	.12	−0.34	2.47	.89
Gender → change factor	0.61	2.62	.82	−2.75	3.30	.40
Age → change factor	−0.07	0.23	.76	0.03	0.28	.92
DUP → change factor	0.01	0.01	.71	−0.01	0.01	.30
FP → change factor	−0.26	2.61	.92	1.49	3.18	.64

Note: Model fit: χ ²(170) = 266.32; RMSEA = 0.05 [CI: 0.034, 0.055]; TLI = 0.88; CFI = 0.89. FB = Family Burden, QoL = Quality of Life, MA = Medication Adherence, DS = Depressive Symptoms, FP = Family Psychoeducation, DUP = Duration of Untreated Psychosis; Gender