Table 3.

Silica materials synthesized from discrete segment and droplet microreactors.

Microchannel type	Material type	Material size	Material shape	Porous type	Bioapplication Area	Ref by Year
Winding	SiO2	277–540 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	200439
Winding	SiO2	200–300 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	200440
Winding	SiO2@TiO2	~250 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	200781
Cross-Winding	SiO2	~15–35 μm	Sphere	Mesopore (>5 nm)	N/A	200882
T junction	SiO2	0.25–0.5 mm (Sphere); 1.1×2.3–4.7 mm (Rod)	Sphere; Rod	Solid	N/A	200883
Cross junction	SiO2	~1 μm	Sphere	Mesopore (6.4 nm)	N/A	200884
T junction	SiO2	~100 μm	Sphere	Hollow	N/A	200985
Coflow and flow-focusing	SiO2	~50 μm	Nonsphere polygon	Hollow	N/A	200986
Cross junction	SiO2	130 μm	Sphere	Hollow; mesopore (2 nm)	Iodine adsorption	201087
Cross junction	SiO2-Chitosan	250 μm	Sphere	Macropore	BSA immobilization	201088
Coflow-Winding	SiO2	1–5 μm	Sphere	Mesopore (4.8 nm)	N/A	201089
Coflow-Winding	SiO2	1–15 μm	Sphere	Mesopore (4.8 nm)	N/A	201090
Flow-focusing	QDs@SiO2	~5 μm	Sphere	Hollow	Ultrasound image; lysozyme immobilization	201091
Coflow and flow-focusing	SiO2	29 μm	Sphere	Hollow	N/A	201092
T junction-Winding	SiO2@Au	177–260 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	201093
Y junction-cross junction	SiO2	63 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	201146
Flow-focusing	SiO2	7–50 μm	Doughnut	Solid	N/A	201194
Coflow	Chitosan@TS-1	200–600 μm	Sphere	Macropore	N/A	201195
Coflow	SiO2-ETPTA@Ag	77 μm	Sphere	Solid	BT SERS detection	201196
Coflow	SiO2	100–200 μm	Sphere	Hollow; mesopore (2–38 nm)	N/A	201197
Coflow	SiO2@TiO2	100–300 μm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	201198
Coflow	Fe2O3@SiO2@Pt	100 μm	Sphere	Mesopore (18 nm)	IBA oxidation	201248
Flow-focusing	SiO2-FITC	50–350 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	201299
Flow-focusing	SiO2	1.4–14.6 μm	Sphere	Hollow; mesopore (7.44 nm)	N/A	2012100
Coflow	SiO2-HDDA	~0.5 μm	Patchy	Mesopore	N/A	2012101
Cross junction	SiO2	7.7 μm	Sphere	Mesopore (3.4–6 nm)	N/A	2013102
Flow-focusing	SiO2-lipid	~25 μm	Sphere	Mesopore (13.4 nm)	FFB, FSM, MTX, and RTD drug loading	2013103
Coflow	SiO2-Chitosan	420 μm	Sphere	Mesopore (<5 nm)	Cu(II) adsorption	2013104
Coflow	SiO2-Fe3O4	150 μm	Sphere	Mesopore	Optical encoding	2013105
T junction	SiO2@Au	230 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	2013106
T junction	SiO2	~100 μm	Raspberry-like	Solid	N/A	2013107
T junction	SiO2	90–185 μm	Sphere; filbert-like	Solid; hollow	N/A	2014108
Coflow and flow-focusing	SiO2	~200 μm	Sphere; disk	Mesopore	N/A	2014109
Coflow	SiO2-PEGDA	~200–1000 μm	Rod; cuboid; disk	Solid	Optical encoding	2014110
Coflow and flow-focusing	SiO2-Dextran	150–400 nm	Sphere	Mesopore	PTX, SFN, and MTX drug loading	2015111
T junction	SiO2@Fe2O3	~100 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	2015112
T junction	SiO2@Au	~175 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	2015113
Coflow and flow-focusing	SiO2-PEGDA	~100–150 nm (diameter)	Fiber	Macropore	N/A	2016114
Y junction and T junction	SiO2-Cell	1.3–2.9 mm	Sphere	Solid	E. coli encapsulation	2016115
T junction	SiO2; Au@SiO2	~100–350 nm	Sphere	Solid (Au@SiO2); Mesopore (SiO2)	N/A	2016116
Slit interdigital	SiO2-FITC	10–65 nm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	2017117
T junction	SiO2-Fe3O4	260 μm	Sphere	Mesopore	OTA adsorption	2017118
Flow-focusing	SiO2	~10–30 μm	Sphere	Hollow; mesopore (5.9 nm)	N/A	2017119
T junction	SiO2	187 μm	Sphere	Mesopore-macropore	DEX drug loading	2018120
Cross junction	SiO2-PCL	~50 μm	Sphere	Solid; macropore	SOD and CAT immobilization	2018121
Coflow	SiO2-PLGA	~200 μm	Sphere	Hollow; mesopore	DFO drug loading	2018122
Cross junction	PDT@SiO2	~90 μm	Sphere	Solid	N/A	2018123

Abbreviations: BSA: Bovine serum albumin; BT: Benzenethiol; CAT: Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; DEX: Dexamethasone; DFO: Deferoxamine; ETPTA: Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate; FFB: Fenofibrate; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; FSM: Furosemide; HDDA: 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate; IBA: 4-isopropyl benzaldehyde; MTX: Methotrexate; N/A: Not Applicable; OTA: Ochratoxin A; PCL: Polycaprolactone; PDT: Poly(1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate-co-trimethoxysillyl propyl methacrylate); PEGDA: Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate; PLGA: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PTX: Paclitaxel; QDs: Quantum dots; RTD: Ranitidine; SERS: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering; SFN: Sorafenib; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TS-1: Titanium silicate molecular sieves.