. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 29.

Published in final edited form as: JAMA Neurol. 2015 May 1;72(5):603–605. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0150

Table. Summary of Clinicopathological Features.

Patient No./Sex/Age, y	Duration of Diagnosed HIV, y	Lifetime ART History	Clinical Features	Mitochondrial Abnormalities^a	³¹P-MRS	Serum CK, IU/L
1/M/55	9	Zidovudine, lamivudine, efavirenz, didanosine, and nevirapine	Ataxia	COX-deficient fibers (30%), multiple mtDNA deletions	Not performed	Normal (<320)
2/M/63	25	Zidovudine, zalcitabine, lamivudine, saquinavir, indinavir, didanosine, stavudine, abacavir, efavirenz, amprenavir, nelfinavir, lopinavir/r, tenofovir, enfuvirtide, emtricitabine, nevirapine, amprenavir/r, darunavir/r, maraviroc, and raltegravir	Myalgia	COX-deficient fibers (15%)	Not performed	564
3/M/48	13	Zidovudine, didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, ritonavir, nevirapine, indinavir, zalcitabine, abacavir, atazanavir/r, tenofovir, and abacavir	Myalgia	COX-deficient fibers (12%), multiple mtDNA deletions	Impaired Q_max(ATP)	841
4/M/49	16	Zidovudine, zalcitabine, didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, saquinavir, nevirapine, indinavir, nelfinavir, abacavir, tenofovir, lopinavir/r, emtricitabine, and atazanavir/r	Myalgia	COX-deficient fibers (1%), multiple mtDNA deletions	Impaired Q_max(ATP)	Normal (<320)

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CK, creatine kinase; COX, cytochrome C oxidase; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; M, male; mt, mitochondrial; ³¹P-MRS, phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Q_max(ATP), maximal rate of postexertional adenosine triphosphate resynthesis; /r, ritonavir (boosting dose).

SI conversion factor: To convert CK to microkatals per liter, multiply by 0.0167.

Respiratory chain biochemistry was not performed because health and safety regulations did not permit homogenate preparation using muscle from HIV-infected individuals in our diagnostic laboratory.