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. 2019 May 28;9:7983. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43780-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression levels of the HMO cluster found in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26. Genes are colored coded by their functionality. Early, mid, and late log phases show the expression levels of the cluster throughout 2′-FL fermentation. Red indicates upregulation in 2′-FL transcriptome samples, white same for both conditions, and blue is upregulation on lactose transcriptome samples. 2′-FL metabolism related genes (Table S2) are labeled according to gene name.