Table 1.
Characteristics of methadone-maintained heroin-dependent patients, spitted by smoking status.
| Variables | Total sample (n = 480) | Non-smokers (n = 21) | Smokers (n = 459) | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex* | Male | 331 | 7(33.3) | 324(70.6) | ||
| Female | 149 | 14(66.7) | 135(29.4) | 13.02 | <0.001 | |
| Age (years) | ≤39 | 260 | 14(66.7) | 246(53.6) | ||
| >39 | 220 | 7(33.3) | 213(46.4) | 1.382 | 0.240 | |
| Education years | Primary school and below | 53 | 2(9.52) | 51(11.1) | ||
| Junior middle school | 249 | 12(57.1) | 237(51.6) | |||
| Senior high school and above | 178 | 7(33.3) | 171(37.3) | 0.247 | 0.884 | |
| Marital status** | Married | 267 | 18(85.7) | 249(54.2) | ||
| Non-married | 213 | 3(14.3) | 210(47.8) | 8.055 | 0.005 | |
| Employment | Yes | 252 | 20(95.2) | 232(50.5) | ||
| No | 228 | 1(4.76) | 227(49.5) | 17.059 | <0.001 | |
| Route of heroin administration | Smoking | 75 | 6(28.6) | 69(15.0) | ||
| Injection | 405 | 15(71.4) | 390(85.0) | 2.792 | 0.095 | |
| Duration of heroin use (years) | ≤10 | 280 | 7(33.3) | 273(59.5) | ||
| >10 | 200 | 14(66.7) | 186(40.5) | 5.647 | 0.015 | |
| Methadone dosage (mg/d) | <70 | 259 | 4(19.0) | 255(55.6) | ||
| ≥70 | 221 | 17(81.0) | 204(44.4) | 10.773 | 0.001 | |
| MMT duration (months) | ≤24 | 242 | 11(52.4) | 231(50.3) | ||
| >24 | 238 | 10(47.6) | 228(49.7) | 0.034 | 0.854 | |
| Depressive symptoms | No | 265 | 9(42.9) | 256(55.8) | ||
| Yes | 215 | 12(57.1) | 203(44.2) | 1.355 | 0.244 | |
| Sexual dissatisfaction | No | 326 | 18(85.7) | 308(67.1) | ||
| Yes | 154 | 3(14.3) | 151(32.9) | 3.192 | 0.074 | |
*Collected via self-report, confirmed by patients’ treating psychiatrists, who had performed the physical examination for patients.
**“Married” included married and remarried; “Non-married” included never-married, separated, cohabitating, divorced, and widowed.