Table 3.
Characteristics of methadone-maintained heroin-dependent smokers, and multiple binary logistic regression on the associations between levels of smoking and nicotine dependence and sexual dissatisfaction.
| Variables | Total sample (n = 459) | Sexual dissatisfaction (n = 151) | % | OR(95%CI) | P | OR(95%CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level of smoking | Light | 117 | 28 | 23.9 | 1 | — | — | |
| Moderate | 99 | 28 | 28.3 | 1.16(0.62,2.16) | 0.641 | — | — | |
| Heavy | 243 | 95 | 39.1* | 1.80(1.08,3.02) | 0.025 | — | — | |
| Level of nicotine dependence | Mild | 102 | 16 | 15.7 | — | — | 1 | |
| Moderate | 69 | 17 | 24.6 | — | — | 1.39(0.60,3.25) | 0.446 | |
| Severe | 288 | 118 | 41.0* | — | — | 3.27(1.78,6.03) | <0.001 | |
| Sex** | Male | 324 | 120 | 37.0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 135 | 31 | 23.0* | 0.47(0.25,0.88) | 0.019 | 0.41(0.23,0.70) | 0.001 | |
| Age (years) | ≤39 | 246 | 49 | 19.9 | 1 | 1 | ||
| >39 | 213 | 102 | 47.9* | 3.03(1.78,5.17) | <0.001 | 2.82(1.74,4.57) | <0.001 | |
| Education years | Primary school and below | 51 | 19 | 37.3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Junior middle school | 237 | 95 | 40.1 | 1.01(0.48,2.15) | 0.978 | 1.27(0.64,2.54) | 0.492 | |
| Senior high school and above | 171 | 37 | 21.6* | 0.42(0.19,0.95) | 0.037 | 0.63(0.30,1.33) | 0.227 | |
| Marital status*** | Married | 249 | 74 | 29.7 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Non-married | 210 | 77 | 36.7 | 1.39(0.84,2.30) | 0.203 | 1.62(1.02,2.57) | 0.039 | |
| Employment | Yes | 232 | 49 | 21.1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 227 | 102 | 44.9* | 2.96(1.82,4.81) | <0.001 | 3.40(2.15,5.36) | <0.001 | |
| Route of heroin administration | Smoking | 69 | 19 | 27.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Injection | 390 | 132 | 33.8 | 2.38(1.17,4.83) | 0.017 | 2.27(1.20,4.33) | 0.012 | |
| Duration of heroin use (years) | ≤10 | 273 | 84 | 30.8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| >10 | 186 | 67 | 36.0 | 1.23(0.75,2.04) | 0.394 | 1.24(0.78,1.98) | 0.361 | |
| Methadone dosage (mg/d) | <70 | 255 | 71 | 27.8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥70 | 204 | 80 | 39.2* | 1.87(1.13,3.08) | 0.015 | 1.13(0.72,1.76) | 0.595 | |
| MMT duration (months) | ≤24 | 231 | 70 | 30.3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| >24 | 228 | 81 | 35.5 | 1.02(0.63,1.67) | 0.923 | 1.49(0.95,2.35) | 0.085 | |
| Depressive symptoms | No | 256 | 54 | 21.1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 203 | 97 | 47.8* | 3.08(1.88,5.05) | <0.001 | 2.43(1.54,3.83) | <0.001 | |
*Comparisons between subgroups, P < 0.05.
**Collected via self-report, confirmed by patients’ treating psychiatrists, who had performed the physical examination for patients.
***“Married” included married and remarried; “Non-married” included never-married, separated, cohabitating, divorced, and widowed.