TABLE 2.

Effect of supplementation with dl-lactate and E. limosum or P. avidum on specific bacterial groups enumerated by qPCR^a

Lactate (mM) plus organism	Fermentation	Stabilization or treatment	Days	Log10 16S rRNA gene copy no. of taxon ml−1 (mean ± SD):
				Enterobacteriaceae	Firmicutes	Bacteroides	Bifidobacterium	Veillonella	Lactobacillus	E. limosum
0	1	Stabilization	63–65	9.00 ± 0.04	10.41 ± 0.09	9.50 ± 0.35	9.50 ± 0.14	8.23 ± 0.17	8.38 ± 0.28	8.30 ± 0.07
60 + E. limosum	1	Treatment	77–79	8.27 ± 0.13*	10.58 ± 0.54	10.11 ± 1.06	9.54 ± 0.17	8.30 ± 0.42	7.55 ± 0.29	8.91 ± 0.18*
0	2	Stabilization	38–40	9.04 ± 0.17	10.05 ± 0.41	9.36 ± 0.32	6.87 ± 0.49	9.89 ± 0.62	7.81 ± 0.39	2.51 ± 0.76
60 + E. limosum	2	Treatment	49–51	8.76 ± 0.67	10.23 ± 0.40	9.03 ± 0.42	6.75 ± 0.23	10.75 ± 1.02	7.52 ± 0.50	7.82 ± 0.41*
0	1	Stabilization	63–65	8.93 ± 0.12	10.35 ± 0.10	9.36 ± 0.12	9.46 ± 0.03	8.00 ± 0.02	8.93 ± 0.19	5.99 ± 0.39
60 + P. avidum	1	Treatment	77–79	8.44 ± 0.28*	10.73 ± 0.31	10.07 ± 1.00	9.62 ± 0.09	8.07 ± 0.35	8.51 ± 0.29	7.4 ± 0.07*
0	2	Stabilization	38–40	8.59 ± 0.31	10.09 ± 0.24	9.35 ± 0.11	6.82 ± 0.25	9.78 ± 0.22	7.81 ± 0.16	2.33 ± 0.40
60 + P. avidum	2	Treatment	49–51	8.61 ± 0.21	10.00 ± 0.16	9.17 ± 0.20	6.73 ± 0.21	10.48 ± 0.63	7.57 ± 0.10	3.42 ± 1.16

^adl-Lactate and E. limosum were supplemented at 60 mM ml⁻¹, and P. avidum was supplemented at 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹. Means with an asterisk (*) differ significantly between the previous stabilization and treatment within the same reactor within the same bacterial group: *, P < 0.05.