Table 5.

Multivariable analyses of association between opioid use disorder (OUD) and employment among US adults.

Model 1: Bivariate analysis among all US adults
		Employment
(Reference group in a parenthesis.)		OR	95% CI
OUD (Never)
	Past OUD	1.20	0.90, 1.61
	Current OUD	0.56***	0.42, 0.74
Model 2: OUD and demographic factors among all US adults
		Employment
(Reference group in a parenthesis.)		AOR	95% CI
OUD (Never)
	Past OUD	0.94	0.66, 1.33
	Current OUD	0.55***	0.40, 0.75
Demographic factors
Age		0.95***	0.94, 0.95
Female sex		0.58***	0.54, 0.62
Non-Hispanic black		0.92	0.83, 1.01
Unmarried		0.78***	0.72, 0.84
Disability income support		0.16***	0.14, 0.18
≥Bachelor’s degree		2.08***	1.93, 2.25
Urban		0.92	0.83, 1.01
Model 3: OUD, demographic factors, and concurrent co-morbid factors among all US adults
		Employment
(Reference group in a parenthesis.)		AOR	95% CI
OUD (Never)
	Past OUD	0.97	0.69, 1.38
	Current OUD	0.59**	0.44, 0.80
Concurrent co-morbid factors
Any psychiatric disorder		0.85***	0.79, 0.92
Any illicit drug use disorder		0.72**	0.60, 0.87
Alcohol use disorder		1.41***	1.25, 1.59

Note:

^*<0.05,

^**<0.01, and

^***<0.001.