Table 1.

Maximum screw-in forces (N) during instrumentation procedures.

Group	Mean ± SD
ProTaper Universal, F2 (PTU)	1.941 ± 0.290 a
ProTaper Gold, F2 (PTG)	1.234 ± 0.246 c
WaveOne, Primary (WOP)	1.622 ± 0.130 b
WaveOne Gold, Primary (WOG)	0.976 ± 0.062 d

^a,b,c,d: Different superscript letters indicate significant differences among groups (p < 0.05).