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Physiological changes. (A) Effect of PM-infection on proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugars and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in apple leaves; (B) effect of PM on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and β-1,3-glucanase (β-1,3-GA) activities in apple leaves. The leaves were incubated for various time intervals after PM inoculation. Each time point represents the mean of three measurements for each of the three biological replicates.
