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Arithmetic average of surface roughness Ra (means and standard deviations [μm]) and wettability (means and standard deviations [°]) of the three tested abutment materials.
| Abutment Material | Roughness | Ra [μm] | Wettability | [°] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ti | Smooth | 0.086 ± 0.006 | Hydrophilic | 72.3 ± 5.4 |
| ZrO2 | Rough | 1.152 ± 0.186 | Hydrophobic | 98.2 ± 8.6 |
| PEEK | Medium | 0.827 ± 0.012 | Hydrophobic | 90.3 ± 7.4 |
