. 2019 Apr 9;5(1):e000512. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000512

Table 3.

Summary estimate of prevalence of exposure (P_e), adjusted relative risk (RR_adj) and the PAF for two cardiovascular conditions (coronary artery diseases and hypertension), and the methods for calculating the PAF attributable to leisure-time PA domain and/or subsets

Publication (author, year, country, journal, design)	Outcome (endpoint, subtype)	Prevalence of exposure (%P_e)	RR_adj subgroup HR (95% CI) RR_adj (95% CI)	Domain and/or subset-specific %PAF (95% CI)	PAF (calculation method)
Coronary artery disease
Grau et al,⁴⁵ 2010, Spain, Preventive Medicine, prospective cohort study.	Coronary artery disease. Endpoint: incidence and mortality. Subtype: overall acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris.	Age group: 35–74 years old 1995: 67.8 2000: 56.0 2005: 50.2 Age group: 35–54 years old 1995: 69.2 2000: 52.9 2005: 47.1 Age group: 55–74 years old 1995: 66.5 2000: 59.5 2005: 53.4	Subgroup age: Age group: 35–74 years old HR: 0.91 (0.32 to 2.60) Age group: 35–54 years old HR: 0.95 (0.56 to 1.58) Age group 55–74 years old HR: 0.96 (0.60 to 1.51)	Moderate-intensity, vigorous-intensity leisure activity (subsets not specified): 35–74 years old: −5 (−63 to 58) 35–54 years old: −7 (−39 to 24) 55–74 years old: −5 (−32 to 22)	Estimated HR and PI prevalence (P_e) were entered into crude Levin’s equation: $P A F = [\frac{P_{e} (R R_{c r u d e} - 1)}{1 + P_{e} x (R R_{c r u d e} - 1)}] x 100$ Bootstrap method was used to estimate CI.
Hypertension
Paffenbarger et al,⁴⁴ 1983, USA, American Journal of Epidemiology, prospective cohort study.	Hypertension. Endpoint: incident. Subtype: stage 2 hypertension.	Men: 65%	Subgroup sex: Men: 1.52 (1.18 to 1.86)	Activity of daily living: stair-climbing and block-walking. + Vigorous-intensity sports: men: 25.3 (10.4 to 35.8)*	Estimated RR_adj and PI prevalence (P_e) were entered into crude Levin’s equation: $P A F = [\frac{P_{e} x (R R_{c r u d e} - 1)}{1 + P_{e} x (R R_{c r u d e} - 1)}] x 100$
Suka et al,²⁷ 2002, Japan, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, prospective cohort study	Hypertension. Endpoint: incident. Subtype: stage 1 hypertension.	Men. All subjects: 86.5%. Age group: 30–39 years old: 78.7% Age group: 40–49 years old: 86.4% Age group: 50–59 years old: 85.9%	Subgroup sex-age: Men. All subjects: 1.17 (1.03 to 1.33) Age group: 30–39 years old: 1.68 (0.89 to 3.22) Age group: 40–49 years old: 1.20 (1.04 to 1.38) Age group: 50–59 years old: 0.82 (0.56 to 1.22)	Exercise subset: ≥20 min, ≥2 days/week (intensity not specified) All subjects: 13 (3 to 22) Age group: 30–39 years old: 37 (0 to 66) Age group: 40–49 years old: 15 (4 to 25) Age group: 50–59 years old: 0 (0 to 16)	Estimated RR_adj and PI prevalence (P_e) were entered into crude Levin’s equation: $P A F = [\frac{P_{e} x (R R_{c r u d e} - 1)}{1 + P_{e} x (R R_{c r u d e} - 1)}] x 100$

*Substitution method was used to construct 95% CI for the PAF.

PA, physical activity; PAF, population attributable fraction; PI, physical inactivity.