Table 5.
Regulatory proteins of K+/Na+ transporters/channels detected using protein–protein interaction techniques in yeast. Light gray, kinases and phosphatases; medium gray, channels and transporters; dark gray targeting-related proteins.
| Na+/K+ Transporter/Channel | Regulatory Protein | Na+/K+ Transporter/Channel Regulation | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| AKT1 | AIP1 | Reduces AKT1 activity | [168] |
| CBL10 (CBL5, CBL7) | Impairs AKT1 activity | [170] | |
| CIPK6, CIPK16 | Phosphorylates and activates AKT1 | [168] | |
| CIPK23 | Phosphorylates and activates AKT1 | [170,171,172,173] | |
| AKT2 | CIPK6 | Upon interaction with CIPK6, CBL4 mediates ER-to-PM translocation of AKT2 and enhances AKT2 activity | [175] |
| MRH1/MDIS2 | [161] | ||
| PP2CA | Dephosphorylates and inhibits AKT2, regulated by ABA signaling | [176] | |
| SLAC1 | [162] | ||
| AKT3 | AtPP2CA | [177] | |
| GORK | AtPP2CA | Dephosphorylation-independent inactivation of GORK | [178] |
| OsHAK1 | OsRUPO | Disruption of RUPO leads to K+ over-accumulation in pollen | [180] |
| OsHKT1 | OsCNIH1 | Golgi-localization of OsHKT1 | [163] |
| KAT1 | PUP11 | [156] | |
| SLAC1 | Inhibits KAT1 activity | [162] | |
| VAMP721 | Suppresses KAT1 and KC1 activity | [164] | |
| VvKAT1 | VvSnRK2.4 | [182] | |
| KAT2 | SLAC1 | [162] | |
| AtKC1 | NRT2.7 | K+ is known to increase nitrate (NO3− ) uptake from soil | [156] |
| ROP1 | Actin filament reorganization affects K+ channel activities in stomata. ROP1 regulates pollen tip growth | [156] | |
| SLAC1 | [162] | ||
| SYP121 | Promotes KAT1 activity, in the presence of KC1 | [165,166] | |
| VAMP721 | Suppresses KAT1 and KC1 activity | [164] | |
| KUP6 | SnRK2.6, SnRK2.2 | SnRK2.6 phosphorylates KUP6, regulated by ABA signaling (drought stress) | [167] |