Table 1.
Chemokines and their known receptors. Chemokine receptors, which belong to the superfamily of GPCRs, can bind to multiple chemokines, and certain chemokines can similarly bind to more than one receptor. Adapted from Zlotnik and Yoshie 2012 [65].
| Subfamily | Chemokine | Synonyms | Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|
| CXC | CXCL1 | Growth-related oncogene α (GROα) | CXCR1/CXCR2 |
| CXCL2 | Growth-related oncogene β (GROβ) | CXCR2 | |
| CXCL3 | Growth-related oncogene γ (GROγ) | CXCR2 | |
| CXCL4 | Platelet factor 4 (PF-4) | CXCR3-B | |
| CXCL5 | Epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating factor 78 (ENA-78) | CXCR2 | |
| CXCL6 | Granulocyte chemoattractant protein (GCP-2) | CXCR1/CXCR2 | |
| CXCL7 | Neutrophil-activating protein (NAP-2) | CXCR1/CXCR2 | |
| CXCL8 | Interleukin-8 (IL-8) | CXCR1/CXCR2 | |
| CXCL9 | Monokine induced by γ-interferon (MIG) | CXCR3 | |
| CXCL10 | γ -interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) | CXCR3 | |
| CXCL11 | Interferon-inducible T cell α -Chemoattractant (I-TAC) | CXCR3 | |
| CXCL12 | Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) | CXCR4 | |
| CXCL13 | B cell-activating chemokine 1 (BCA-1) | CXCR5 | |
| CXCL14 | Breast and kidney chemokine (BRAK) | CXCR4 | |
| CXCL15 | Lungkine | - | |
| CXCL16 | Scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-POX) | CXCR6 | |
| CXCL17 | dendritic cell-attracting and monocyte-attracting chemokine-like protein (DMC) | CXCR8 | |
| CC | CCL1 | I-309 | CCR8 |
| CCL2 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) | CCR2/CCR9/CCR11 | |
| CCL3 | Macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) | CCR1/CCR5/CCR9 | |
| CCL4 | Macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) | CCR1/CCR5/CCR9 | |
| CCL5 | Regulated on activation of normal T cell-expressed and secreted (RANTES) entities | CCR1/CCR3/CCR4/CCR5 | |
| CCL7 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3) | CCR1/CCR2/CCR3 | |
| CCL8 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2) | CCR2/CCR9/CCR11 | |
| CCL11 | Eosinophil chemotactic protein (Eotaxin-1) | CCR2/CCR3/CCR5 | |
| CCL13 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4) | CCR2/CCR3/CCR5 | |
| CCL14 | Hemofiltrate CC chemokine (HCC1) | CCR1/CCR5 | |
| CCL15 | Leukotactin-1, macrophage inflammatory protein 5 (MIP-5) | - | |
| CCL16 | Liver-expressed chemokine (LEC), monotactin-1 (MTN-1) | CCR1/CCR2/CCR5/CCR8 | |
| CCL17 | Thymus and activation-related chemokine (TARC) | CCR4 | |
| CCL18 | Macrophage inflammatory protein 4 (MIP-4) | CCR8 | |
| CCL19 | Epstein–Barr virus-induced receptor ligand chemokine (ELC) | CCR7 | |
| CCL20 | Liver-related and activation-related chemokine (LARC) | CCR6 | |
| CCL21 | Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SCL) | CCR7 | |
| CCL22 | Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) | CCR4 | |
| CCL23 | Macrophage inflammatory protein 3 (MIP-3) | CCR1 | |
| CCL24 | Eosinophil chemotactic protein 2 (Eotaxin-2) | CCR3 | |
| CCL25 | Thymus lymphoma cell-stimulating factor (TECK) | CCR9 | |
| CCL26 | Macrophage inflammatory protein 4-α (MIP-4-α) | CCR3 | |
| CCL27 | Cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK) | CCR10 | |
| CCL28 | Mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC) | CCR10 | |
| C | XCL1 | Lymphotactin-α | XCR1 |
| XCL2 | Lymphotactin-β | XCR1 | |
| CX3C | CX3CL1 | Fractalkine | CX3CR1 |