Table 1.
Respondents’ characteristics by sex, 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (N = 542).
| Variables | Total | Male | Female | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 542 | n = 277 (49.3%) | n = 265 (50.7%) | ||
| Age (yrs) | 17.4 ± 0.1 | 17.5 ± 0.1 | 17.3 ± 0.1 | 0.111 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White (n%) | 123 (58.7) | 61 (59.6) | 62 (57.9) | 0.594 |
| Non-Hispanic black (n%) | 202 (17.4) | 107 (18.4) | 95 (16.5) | |
| Mexican American (n%) | 174 (11.6) | 88 (12.2) | 86 (11.0) | |
| Others (n%) | 43 (12.3) | 21 (9.8) | 22 (14.6) | |
| Parent education | ||||
| High school or less (n%) | 280 (44.1) | 149 (49.0) | 131 (39.2) | 0.194 |
| College or above (n%) | 235 (55.9) | 115 (51.0) | 120 (60.8) | |
| PIR | ||||
| PIR below poverty <1 (n%) | 156 (17.5) | 82 (20.6) | 74 (14.4) | 0.186 |
| PIR at or above poverty ≥1 (n%) | 365 (82.5) | 184 (79.4) | 181 (85.6) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 0.4 | 24.5 ± 0.5 | 23.9 ± 0.5 | 0.318 |
| Underweight & (n%) | 14 (2.8) | 7 (2.8) | 7 (2.8) | 0.645 |
| Normal or Healthy Weight (n%) | 338 (65.5) | 174 (62.2) | 164 (68.8) | |
| Overweight (n%) | 86 (15.6) | 43 (16.3) | 43 (14.8) | |
| Obese (n%) | 103 (16.1) | 52 (18.8) | 51 (13.6) | |
| Sleep quantity (h) | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 0.738 |
| Sufficient sleep @ (n%) | 264 (48.7) | 133 (48.3) | 131 (49.2) | 0.9 |
| Poor sleep quality (n%) | 238 (43.8) | 119 (44.3) | 119 (43.4) | 0.886 |
| Poor SQI | ||||
| SQI = 0 (n%) | 304 (56.2) | 158 (55.7) | 146 (56.6) | 0.286 |
| SQI = 1 (n%) | 178 (32.7) | 98 (35.5) | 80 (30.0) | |
| SQI = 2+ (n%) | 59 (11.1) | 21 (8.8) | 38 (13.4) | |
| Total physical activity (min/day) | 24.7 ± 1.6 | 32.5 ± 2.5 | 17.1 ± 1.9 | <0.001* |
| Meet PA recommendation # (n%) | 187 (32.6) | 127 (44.7) | 60 (20.7) | <0.001* |
| Less active <30 min/day (n%) | 371 (70.7) | 150 (56.9) | 221 (84.2) | <0.001* |
| Active ≥30 and <60 min/day (n%) | 123 (21.4) | 89 (30.2) | 34 (12.8) | 0.003* |
| Very active ≥ 60 min/day (n%) | 48 (7.9) | 38 (13.0) | 10 (2.9) | <0.001* |
| Screen time (h/day) | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 0.017* |
| Meet screen time recommendation $ (n%) | 131 (32.3) | 54 (28.0) | 77 (36.5) | 0.097 |
| Meet both PA and screen time recommendation (n%) | 34 (8.6) | 18 (9.2) | 16 (8.1) | 0.725 |
Note: means ± standard error for continuous variables, and frequencies and proportions for categorical variables; p-values are from PROC SURVEYREG and SURVEYFREQ (CHISQ, based on the Rao–Scott chi-square with an adjusted F statistic). * p < 0.05; PIR = family income to poverty ration, PA = physical activity, SQI = sleep quality index; & underweight <5th percentile, normal or healthy weight ≥5th percentile and <85th percentile, overweight ≥85th and <95th percentile, obese ≥95th percentile; @ sleep quantity ≥8 h; # 60+ min/day PA for respondents aged 16–17 and 150+ min/week moderate intensity PA or 75+ min/week vigorous intensity physical or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous PA for respondents aged 18–19; $ screen time ≤ 2 h/day.