Table 1.

Various material properties of soft- and hard-type SFCs.

Parameter	Symbol	Hard-Type SFC (Mn-doped PMN-PZT)	Soft-Type SFC (W-doped PMN-PZT)	Units
Density	ρ	7800	7900	kg/m3
Volume	(l × b × h)	28 × 14 × 0.2	28 × 14 × 0.2	mm3
Dielectric constant	ε 33	2250	3962
Dielectric loss	tanδ	0.0018	0.005
Mechanical loss	tanθ	0.003	0.010
Electromechanical coupling factor	k 32	0.697	0.726
Piezoelectric charge constant	d 32	−850	−1850	10−12 C/N
Elastic compliance	s 22 E	45.9	110.04	10−12 m2/N