Yang 2018.

Methods	Study: completed single‐centre RCT of couples with infertility undergoing IVF and ICSI Country: China Cause and length of infertility: quote: "good prognosis patients". Length of infertility not reported. Oocytes: autologous oocytes Embryo transfer: single embryo transfer; day 3 transfer of embryos in intervention group and day 5 transfer in control group Informed consent: obtained from all participants Total study duration: October 2015 to April 2017 (18 months) Funding sources: study funded by Ferring
Participants	A total of 600 couples with infertility undergoing IVF or ICSI with autologous oocytes: 300 couples were randomised to TLS utilising embryo selection software, and 300 couples were randomised to conventional incubation and morphology. In all, 15 couples were excluded from the study for the purpose of modified intention‐to‐treat analysis: 10 in the TLS arm (6 refused day 3 and time‐lapse algorithm; 3 had instrument breakdown; and 1 had an unforeseen medical condition) and 5 in the conventional incubation arm (3 refused day 5 and conventional morphological assessment, and 2 did not receive time‐lapse observation). Age (years, mean ± SD, TLS versus conventional incubation): not reported BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD, TLS versus conventional incubation): not reported Ethnicity: not reported Inclusion criteria: Chinese females undergoing first or second fresh autologous IVF (and ICSI) cycles; </= 36 years; FSH </= 12 IU/mL on day 3 of cycle; > 10 oocytes retrieved; willing to have SET. Exclusion criteria: underlying uterine conditions including endometriosis, untreated unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinx; uterine myoma (multiple, submucous or intramural myoma > 3 cm); cycle planned for oocyte donation or pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis; recurrent pregnancy loss; significantly abnormal oocytes; < 6 normally fertilised embryos (2 polar nuclei); considered unlikely to complete the study based on the investigator's judgement.
Interventions	TLS utilising embryo selection software (intervention) Conventional incubation and assessment (control)
Outcomes	Live birth per couple randomised (provided following email communication with authors) Miscarriage rate per couple randomised (clinical (gestational sac) pregnancy losses) Clinical pregnancy (defined as presence of gestational sac seen at 4 weeks after embryo transfer) Stillbirth (provided following email communication with authors)
Notes	Note differing days of embryo transfer (day 3 for intervention group and day 5 for control). All embryos cultured in TLS to day 3, then control embryos transferred to conventional incubator to day 5. Embryos in control arm evaluated by routine morphological assessment.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Patients were randomised in a 1:1 ratio via online‐generated blocks (www.random.org) once they had 2PN (>/=6 normally fertilized oocytes) on Day 1 of the cycle."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "The study investigators (YLL and XYK) created the randomization list and study nurses who were unaware of the study protocol enveloped the randomised allocation in a consecutive order. The investigator (YLL) assessed the patient's eligibility and performed the randomization by opening the sealed envelopes."
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Communication with authors. Quote: "The study was not blinded because study participants and clinic staff were aware of which group they were following"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "clinic staff were not blinded" The outcomes are objective and are therefore unlikely to be influenced by knowledge of the intervention, therefore detection bias deemed as low risk.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Low number of dropouts, and reasons for attrition given. Quote: "The subject was excluded from the study post‐randomization if she did not undergo fresh transfer due to any unforeseen reason including ovarian hyper‐stimulation or uterine disorder."
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All study outcomes were published.
Other bias	High risk	Variation between arms of study in day of transfer (day 3 for intervention and day 5 for control).

AMA: advanced maternal age

ASRM: American Society for Reproductive Medicine

ART: assisted reproductive technology

βhCG: beta human chorionic gonadotropin

BMI: body mass index

CI: confidence interval

ET: embryo transfer

FSH: follicle‐stimulating hormone

ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection

IU: international units

IVF: in vitro fertilisation

OHSS: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome

RCT: randomised controlled trial

SD: standard deviation

SET: single embryo transfer

TLS: time‐lapse system

2D: two‐dimensional

3D: three‐dimensional