Table 3.
Synthesis and Release | |||
Increase Serotonin Synthesis | Dietary supplements: L-tryptophan | ||
Increase Serotonin Release | Psychostimulants: Amphetamines, phentermine, MDMA Antidepressants: mirtazapine Opioids: meperidine, oxycodone, tramadol Cough suppressants: dextromethorphan |
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Metabolism | |||
Inhibit Serotonin Uptake | Psychostimulants: Amphetamines, MDMA, cocaine Antidepressants: trazodone SNRI: desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, venlafaxine SSRI: citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline TCA: amitriptyline, amoxapine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, maprotiline, nortriptyline, protriptyline, trimipramine Opioids: meperidine, methadone, tramadol Cough suppressants: dextromethorphan |
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Inhibit Serotonin Metabolism | Anxiolytics: buspirone MAOI: furazolidone, isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue, phenelzine, selegiline, tranylcypromine |
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Inhibit Cytochrome P450 Microsomal Oxidases | CYP2D6 | CYP3A4 | CYP2C19 |
Inhibitors: fluoxetine, sertraline Substrates: dextromethorphan, oxycodone, risperidone, tramadol |
Inhibitors: ciprofloxacin, ritonavir Substrates: methadone, oxycodone, venlafaxine |
Inhibitors: fluconazole Substrates: citalopram |
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Receptor Activation | |||
Activate Serotonin Receptors | Hallucinogen: LSD Anxiolytics: buspirone Antidepressants: trazodone Opioids*: fentanyl, meperidine Mood stabilizers: lithium |