| 3BrP | 3-bromopyruvate |
| Acetyl-CoA | Acetyl-Coenzyme A |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| AP-1 | Activator protein 1 |
| ATG5 | Autophagy-related protein 5 |
| CTBP | C-terminal binding protein |
| Drp1 | Dynamin-related 1 |
| DUSP6 | Dual specificity protein phosphatase 6 |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-related kinase |
| ERR | Estrogen-related nuclear receptor |
| ESC | Embryonic stem cell |
| ETC | Electron transport chain |
| FADH2 | Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
| HIF1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha |
| HIF2α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha |
| HK2 | Hexokinase II |
| HNRNPK | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic protein K |
| iPSC | induced pluripotent stem cell |
| KEAP1 | Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 |
| LIF | Leukemia inhibitory factor |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NADH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NF-kB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| NRF2 | Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 |
| OxPhos | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| PDH | Pyruvate dehydrogenase |
| PDHK1 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 |
| PDK1 | 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 |
| PGC-1 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1 |
| PIP2 | Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate |
| PIP3 | Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate |
| PKM2 | Pyruvate kinase M2 |
| PnPase | Polynucleotide phosphorylase |
| POLG | DNA polymerase subunit γ |
| POMP | Proteasome maturation protein |
| PSC | Pluripotent stem cell |
| PTBP1 | Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 |
| RM-DIC | Retardation modulated-differential interference contrast |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| UCP2 | Uncoupling protein 2 |