| RA | Retinoic acid |
| ECs | Embryonal carcinoma cells |
| ESCs | Embryonic stem cells |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| Erk | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| NC | Negative control |
| RA | Retinoic acid |
| ECs | Embryonal carcinoma cells |
| ESCs | Embryonic stem cells |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| Erk | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| NC | Negative control |