Table 2.

Plasma metabolic factor measurements in HFD-fed NAFLD-like mice ^a.

	ND	HFD	HFD+Ara	HFD+MT
Glucose
Initial (mg/dL)	99.9 ± 3.5	100.6 ± 3.7	99.5 ± 2.6	100.9 ± 4.3
Final (mg/dL)	126.4 ± 10.3 †	169.0 ± 12.9 ‡, #	145.8 ± 7.9 ‡	152.5 ± 14.7 ‡
Insulin
Initial (ng/mL)	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1
Final (ng/mL)	0.9 ± 0.2 ‡	2.3 ± 0.5 ‡, #	2.5 ± 0.4 ‡	2.3 ± 0.4 ‡
HbA1c (%)	5.05 ± 0.09	5.41 ± 0.12 #	5.15 ± 0.06	5.12 ± 0.13 *
HOMA-IR	6.9 ± 1.3	19.1 ± 4.7 #	16.4 ± 3.0	17.5 ± 4.3
TG (mg/dL)	118.2 ± 7.5	142.7 ± 9.5 #	118.4 ± 4.2 *	111.7 ± 10.0 **
TC (mg/dL)	144.5 ± 6.4	183.1 ± 9.4 #	170.6 ± 7.2	162.0 ± 13.0
HDL-C (mg/dL)	74.4 ± 6.0	73.2 ± 2.6	68.0 ± 2.2	63.7 ± 3.6
HDL-C/TC (%)	50.7 ± 3.5	40.9 ± 2.0 ##	39.7 ± 1.5	40.4 ± 1.6
NEFA (mEq/L)	2.1 ± 0.1	2.7 ± 0.1 #	2.3 ± 0.1 *	2.2 ± 0.2 *
AST (IU/L)	96.5 ± 6.1	117.4 ± 5.8 #	105.8 ± 11.3	111.8 ± 10.4
ALT (IU/L)	26.0 ± 3.6	45.3 ± 10.2 #	41.5 ± 5.7	40.2 ± 4.2

^aValues are presented as means ± SE (n = 10). ^† p < 0.05, ^‡ p < 0.01 vs. initial levels in each group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 vs. ND; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. HFD by one-way ANOVA. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT).