Table 1.

Animal models of chronic iron overload and degrees of fibrosis.

Reference	Method of Iron Administration	Animal Model	HIC (Fold Increase)	Degree of Fibrosis
Asare et al., 2006 [52]	2% carbonyl	Wistar rats	35	None
Brown et al., 2003 [54]	Iron-dextran	Sprague Dawley rats	75	None
Padda et al., 2015 [33]	Genetic	Hjv−/− mice, 10 weeks old (C57BL/6 background)	14	None
Stål and Hultcrantz, 1993 [58]	3% carbonyl	Sprague Dawley rats	12	None
Stål et al., 1995 [59]	2.5–3% carbonyl	Wistar rats	14	None
Brissot et al., 1983 [53]	Intramuscular	Baboons	24–105	“Slight fibrosis”
Iancu et al., 1987 [69]	Intramuscular	† Baboons	24–105	Detection of collagen fibrils via electron microscopy (EM)
Pietrangelo et al., 1990 [57]	3% carbonyl	Wistar rats	15	Mild periportal fibrosis via trichrome staining
Valerio and Peterson, 2000 [67]	0.2% ferrocene in diet 90 days, 0.04% 25 days	C57BL/6Ibg mice	15	Mild centrilobar fibrosis via trichrome staining
Roberts et al., 1993 [70]	2.5% carbonyl	Sprague Dawley rats	41	Collagen fibers via EM in rats with heaviest iron deposition
Weintraub et al., 1985 [71]	Iron-dextran	Albino rats	21	Collagen fibers via EM
Park et al., 1987 [66]	3% carbonyl	Sprague Dawley rats	54	“Mild to moderate”
Pietrangelo et al., 1995 [74]	Iron dextran	Gerbils	28	4.4-fold increase in liver collagen

Only models that increased hepatic iron concentration (HIC) greater than 10-fold are included in this table; other models are discussed in the text. The reference number is given in parentheses. ^† The same set of animals as described in Brissot et al., 1983 [53].