. 2019 May 10;24(9):1808. doi: 10.3390/molecules24091808

Table 4.

pH values of the culture medium from S. mutans biofilms treated with chitosan microparticles (CM).

Treatments	Time after the First Exposure (h)
Treatments	24	48	72
CHX	6.9 ± 0.0 ^{A, B, C}	7.1 ± 0.1 ^{A, B}	7.3 ± 0.0 ^{A, B}
NaCl	4.8 ± 0.0 ^D	4.8 ± 0.1 ^D	4.6 ± 0.0 ^D
EtOH	5.8 ± 0.4 ^{E, F}	5.4 ± 0.0 ^{F, G}	5.0 ± 0.2 ^{D, G}
0.25% CM	6.5 ± 0.0 ^C	6.1 ± 0.4 ^E	5.0 ± 0.1 ^{D, G}
1% CM	7.0 ± 0.0 ^{A, B, C}	7.1 ± 0.0 ^{A, B}	7.3 ± 0.0 ^A

CHX: 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control); NaCl: saline solution (negative control); EtOH: ethanol:phosphate buffer solution (vehicle control); 0.25% CM: 0.25% chitosan microparticles; 1% CM: 1% chitosan microparticles. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). Values not sharing the same letter (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) are significantly different from each other; ANOVA, Tukey–Kramer post-hoc test, p < 0.05.