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. 2019 May 9;20(9):2294. doi: 10.3390/ijms20092294

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Examples of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) acylated by wild-type aaRSs in vitro. Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) acylates a β₂-amino acid, 2-aminomethyl-3-phenyl-propionic acid (1). Five β₃-amino acids (Ala (2), Leu (3), Val (4), Met (5), and Lys (6), are substrates for their cognate aaRSs. N–methylated amino acids that are also substrates for wild-type aaRSs include N-methyl-valine (7), N-methyl-lysine (8), N-methyl-histidine (9), N-methyl-leucine (10), N-methyl-aspartate (11), and N-methyl-tryptophan (12) [7].