PDT	photodynamic therapy
ROS	reactive oxygen species
A549 cells	adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
5 ALA	5-Aminolevulinic Acid
Caco-2	heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line
MB	methylene blue
A549	adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cell line
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
TIP	titanium (IV) isopropoxide
PBS	phosphate buffered saline
H-and-E	hematoxylin and eosin
EDTA	ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
BUN	blood urine nitrogen
CREA	creatinine
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
ALB	albumin
Ca	calcium
IP	inorganic phosphate
MPTP	mitochondrial permeability transition pore