Table 4.

LVEDD and IVSD reference values by BSA group

Echo measure (mm)	Overall sample	BSA reference group			General population male norms2
		Below average	Average	Above average
	1.72–2.94 m2	1.72–2.05 m2	2.06–2.57 m2	2.58–2.94 m2
LVEDD
Normal	<59.6	<57.40	<59.1	<61.9	42.0–58.0
Mildly abnormal	59.6–61.4	57.4–59.1	59.1–60.9	61.9–63.5	59.0–63.0
Moderately abnormal	61.5–63.7	59.2–61.3	61.0–63.0	63.6–65.5	64.0–68.0
Severely abnormal	>63.7	>61.3	>63.0	>65.5	>68.0
IVSD
Normal	<12.3	<11.3	<12.1	<13.2	6.0–11.0
Mildly abnormal	12.3–12.9	11.3–11.8	12.1–12.7	13.2–13.8	11.0–13.0
Moderately abnormal	13.0–13.6	11.9–12.5	12.8–13.3	13.9–14.6	14.0–16.0
Severely abnormal	>13.6	>12.5	>13.3	>14.6	>16.0

Our definitions for BSA reference groups:

Normal: <95th percentile or Z<1.6.

Mildly abnormal: 95th–98th percentile or 1.6<Z<2.0.

Moderately abnormal: 98th–99th percentile or 2.0<Z<2.5.

Severely abnormal: >99th percentile or Z>2.5.

BSA, body surface area; IVSD, interventricular septum diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastole diameter.