Table 3.
Characteristics Associated with Inpatient Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease after Kidney Transplantation
| Variable | Comparison | Model 1: Transplant Hospital Only | Model 2: Transplant Hospital + Patient Characteristics | Model 3: Transplant Hospital + Patient Characteristics + Hospital Characteristics | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |||||
| Transplant hospital | Transplant vs. Non-transplant | 0.81 | 0.60 | 1.09 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.48 | 1.08 | 0.11 | 0.98 | 0.50 | 1.91 | 0.94 |
| Patient-level Characteristics | |||||||||||||
| Age | ≥60 vs. < 60 | 2.28 | 1.53 | 3.4 | < 0.001 | 2.29 | 1.37 | 3.85 | 0.002 | ||||
| Race | Non-white vs. White | 0.62 | 0.39 | 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.49 | 0.26 | 0.9 | 0.02 | ||||
| Sex | Female vs. Male | 0.69 | 0.47 | 1.02 | 0.06 | 0.59 | 0.37 | 0.92 | 0.02 | ||||
| Type of admission | Emergent/Urgent vs. Elective/Others | 1.37 | 0.73 | 2.56 | 0.33 | 1.5 | 0.69 | 3.26 | 0.30 | ||||
| Admitted to high transfer in hospital | Yes vs. No | 1.52 | 1.02 | 2.27 | 0.04 | 1.76 | 1.01 | 3.05 | 0.05 | ||||
| Number of CV diagnosis | ≥2 vs. 1 | 2.09 | 1.44 | 3.03 | < 0.001 | 1.73 | 1.08 | 2.78 | 0.02 | ||||
| Weighted Charlson score | ≥2 vs. 0–1 | 1.37 | 0.89 | 2.12 | 0.16 | 1.06 | 0.63 | 1.81 | 0.82 | ||||
| Hypertension | Yes vs. No | 1.11 | 0.64 | 1.93 | 0.71 | 1.26 | 0.61 | 2.57 | 0.53 | ||||
| Tobacco abuse | Yes vs. No | 0.39 | 0.09 | 1.68 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 2.05 | 0.19 | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | Yes vs. No | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.75 | 0.001 | 0.58 | 0.35 | 0.98 | 0.04 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes vs. No | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.66 | < 0.001 | 0.4 | 0.25 | 0.64 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Invasive CV procedure | |||||||||||||
| Diagnostic Cardiac catheterization | Yes vs. No | 2.60 | 1.76 | 3.84 | < 0.001 | 2.1 | 1.32 | 3.36 | 0.002 | ||||
| Therapeutic cardiac catheterization | Yes vs. No | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.67 | 0.008 | 0.35 | 0.1 | 1.17 | 0.09 | ||||
| CABG | Yes vs. No | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.93 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0.07 | 1.65 | 0.18 | ||||
| Valve surgery | Yes vs. No | 0.51 | 0.12 | 2.12 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 1.95 | 0.25 | ||||
| Other cardiac surgery | Yes vs. No | 2.94 | 0.79 | 11.01 | 0.11 | 1.26 | 0.2 | 7.88 | 0.81 | ||||
| Hospital-level Characteristics | |||||||||||||
| Owner, Financial status, Payer Mix | |||||||||||||
| Hospital total expenses by quartile | 2 vs. 1 | 1.45 | 0.64 | 3.27 | 0.38 | ||||||||
| 3 vs. 1 | 0.52 | 0.16 | 1.68 | 0.28 | |||||||||
| 4 vs. 1 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.97 | 0.05 | |||||||||
| Inpatient Capacity | |||||||||||||
| Hospital unit inpatient days by quartile | 2 vs. 1 | 0.53 | 0.21 | 1.3 | 0.16 | ||||||||
| 3 vs. 1 | 1.02 | 0.34 | 3.11 | 0.97 | |||||||||
| 4 vs. 1 | 4.26 | 1.2 | 15.21 | 0.03 | |||||||||
| Cardiac intensive care | Yes vs. No | 1.75 | 0.78 | 3.91 | 0.18 | ||||||||
| Staffing Patterns | |||||||||||||
| Teaching status | Minor teaching vs. Nonteaching | 0.65 | 0.37 | 1.15 | 0.14 | ||||||||
| Major teaching vs. Nonteaching | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.65 | 0.002 | |||||||||
| Process of Care for Heart Attack | |||||||||||||
| Aspirin at arrival | Per 5% increase | 2.28 | 0.58 | 9.07 | 0.24 | ||||||||
| Time to ECG | Per 20 min increase | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.19 | 0.85 | ||||||||
| QIC | 1758.36 | 1095.68 | 736.47 | ||||||||||