Table 3.

Actions to facilitate implementation in infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship

Level	Action
International level	- Make IPC a global priority – take the lead - Support global IPC initiatives - Provide minimal standards in patient safety - Provide guidance (key/core components)
National level	- Make IPC a national priority – have a national strategy - Provide career paths for IPC professionals - Promote IPC and AMS, as well as their implementation, being part of education and training for all healthcare professionals - Provide national guidelines and policies, aligned with international standards - Organise surveillance of process and outcome indicators, benchmark with other countries - Make resources available (education and training, materials, staffing)
Health care facility level	- Make IPC an institutional priority – have a local strategy - Provide resources - Allow postgraduate training in IPC and AMS as well as their implementation
IPC community	- Integrate implementation science, management, and leadership in the curriculum of IPC training - Make implementation science an ongoing topic on the agenda of any IPC workshop
Research	- Add an implementation narrative to any publication on best practice interventions - Encourage collaboration between IPC researchers and social scientists to improve study design and reporting - Provide funding of mixed-methods research on behaviour change interventions

AMS, Antimicrobial stewardship; IPC, Infection prevention and control