27HC	27-hydroxycholesterol
ASBMR	American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
bHLH	basic helix-loop-helix
BMD	bone mineral density
BMP2	bone morphogenetic protein 2
BMP-7	bone morphogenetic protein 7
BMSC	bone marrow stromal cell
CACNG1	voltage-dependent calcium channel γ1
CaMKII	calcium calmodulin-mediated kinase II
CCR3	C-C motif chemokine receptor 3
CNV	copy number variation
COL1A1	collagen, type I, alpha 1
CpG	5′—C—Phosphate—G—3
DEG	differentially expressed gene
Dkk1	Dickkopf-1
DXA	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
E2	estradiol
ER	estrogen receptor
ERα	estrogen receptor alpha
ERβ	estrogen receptor beta
ESR1	estrogen receptor 1
ET	estrogen therapy
FDA	US Food and Drug Administration
GCR	glucocorticoid receptor
GI	gastrointestinal
GWAS	genome-wide association studies
HDC	histidine decarboxylase
HRT	hormone replacement therapy
Id4	Inhibitor of differentiation 4
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor 1
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LRP5	Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5
M-CSF	macrophage colony stimulating factor
MSC	mesenchymal stem cell
mTECs	medullary thymic epithelial cells
NFAT	nuclear factor of activated T cells
ONJ	osteonecrosis of the jaw
OPG	osteoprotegerin
PEG	polyethylene glycol
Pi	phosphate
PO	postmenopausal osteoporosis
PPARγ	peroxisome proliferator activator gamma
PPI	protein-protein interaction
PTH	parathyroid hormone
QTL	quantitative trait locus
RANK	receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
RCT	randomized controlled trial
Runx2	runt-related transcription factor 2
RXR	retinoid X receptor
SAMP6	Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6
SERMs	Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
SFRP	secreted frizzled-related protein
SFRP4	secreted frizzled-related protein 4
SGMS2	sphingomyelin synthase 2 gene
SMAD4	Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4
SNP	single-nucleotide polymorphism
TF	transcription factor
TRACP-5b	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b
TSECs	Tissue Selective Estrogen Receptor Complexes
UGT2B17	UDP Glucuronosyl transferase Family 2 Member B17
VDR	vitamin D receptor
WHI	Women’s Health Initiative
WHO	World Health Organization
Wnt	Wingless/Integrated
ZA	Zoledronic acid