Table A1.
Variance inflation factor (VIF) of 27 landscape variables and the step VIF (VIFstep) of 14 landscape variables with the variable of the highest VIF being removed at each step
| Variables | VIF | VIFstep |
|---|---|---|
| Crop edge density | 8.04 | 1.91 |
| Distance to crop | 6.71 | NA |
| Crop frequency | 23.88 | NA |
| Developed edge density | 4.34 | NA |
| Distance to developed | 2.29 | 2.1 |
| Developed frequency | 6.16 | 1.7 |
| Wetland edge density | 3.25 | 1.55 |
| Distance to wetland | 3.47 | NA |
| Wetland frequency | 1.91 | 1.52 |
| Grassland edge density | 19.79 | NA |
| Distance to grassland | 4.4 | NA |
| Grassland frequency | 14.18 | 1.42 |
| Hardwood forest edge density | 4.93 | 2.18 |
| Distance to hardwood forest | 2.51 | 1.87 |
| Hardwood forest frequency | 10.39 | NA |
| Mixed forest edge density | 13.73 | NA |
| Distance to mixed forest | 4.25 | NA |
| Mixed forest frequency | 8.82 | 1.85 |
| Pine forest edge density | 27.18 | NA |
| Distance to pine forest | 7.49 | NA |
| Pine forest frequency | 15.91 | 2.73 |
| Shrubland edge density | 31.38 | NA |
| Distance to shrubland | 4.75 | NA |
| Shrubland frequency | 16.58 | 2.42 |
| Water edge density | 3.25 | 1.43 |
| Distance to water | 3.99 | NA |
| Water frequency | 6.97 | 2.52 |
Step VIF is calculated iteratively until all remaining variables have VIF of <3.0.