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. 2019 May 22;10:1127. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01127

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Copyright © 2019 Zhang, Sun, Deng, Yu, Yang, Zhao, Chen and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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DENV-2 and ZIKV infection significantly retarded chicken embryo development. (A) Survival rates of chicken embryos upon viral infection. DENV-2 and ZIKV were injected into the brain vesicle of chicken embryos on E5, respectively, and embryo viability was checked daily. (B) Morphological appearance of embryonic chicks after viral infection. At 11 dpi, chicks were harvested to check morphological changes and the viral infection induced smaller sized embryos. (C) Weight percentages of chicken embryo relative to whole egg after viral infection. Eggs and embryos were weighed to calculate the weight percentage of embryos relative to eggs at desired time points. Viral infection significantly reduced the weight percentage of chicken embryos relative to eggs at 11 and 14 dpi. (D) Weight percentages of embryo liver relative to whole embryo after viral infection. Livers were collected and weighed to calculate the weight percentage of livers relative to whole embryos at desired time points. ZIKV infection significantly increased the weight percentage of livers relative to embryos at 7, 11, and 14 dpi. Each experiment was repeated at least three times. ^∗P < 0.05. ^∗∗P < 0.01. Scale bar = 1 cm.