Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics of patients compared according to exposure to PM2.5 over 1 year after myocardial infarction.
| PM2.5 Concentration (μg/m3) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (4.3 to 10.6) n = 978 |
Quartile 2 (10.7 to 12.0) n = 978 |
Quartile 3 (12.1 to 13.2) n = 978 |
Quartile 4 (13.3 to 20.5) n = 979 |
p-value | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 60.4 ± 11.7 | 60.8 ± 12.1 | 60.4 ± 12.4 | 60.5 ± 12.7 | 0.860 |
| Female | 322 (32.9%) | 271 (27.7%) | 315 (32.2%) | 372 (38.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Caucasian Race | 826 (84.7%) | 841 (86.3%) | 740 (75.9%) | 518 (53.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Ozone exposure (ppm) (Mean ± SD) | 0.0384 ± 0.0036 | 0.0385 ± 0.0027 | 0.0382 ± 0.0036 | 0.0382 ± 0.0039 | 0.140 |
| Socioeconomic Status | |||||
| High school education | 843 (86.4%) | 818 (84.0%) | 798 (82.4%) | 715 (74.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Uninsured | 98 (10.4%) | 159 (16.5%) | 135 (14.3%) | 199 (21.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Avoiding care due to cost | 198 (20.4%) | 198 (20.5%) | 180 (18.8%) | 205 (21.7%) | 0.470 |
| Not enough money left at end of the month | 129 (13.4%) | 34 (14.1%) | 145 (15.3%) | 188 (19.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Current Smoker | 168 (17.6%) | 176 (18.3%) | 192 (20.5%) | 202 (21.8%) | 0.08 |
| Hypertension | 594 (60.7%) | 601 (61.5%) | 613 (62.7%) | 711 (72.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Prior MI | 173 (17.7%) | 173 (17.7%) | 197 (20.1%) | 210 (21.5%) | 0.085 |
| Prior PCI | 137 (14.0%) | 182 (18.6%) | 215 (22.0%) | 173 (17.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Prior CABG | 93 (9.5%) | 115 (11.8%) | 126 (12.9%) | 132 (13.5%) | 0.035 |
| Diabetes | 238 (24.3%) | 251 (25.7%) | 291 (29.8%) | 326 (33.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure | 51 (5.2%) | 60 (6.1%) | 55 (5.6%) | 125 (12.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Lung disease | 63 (6.4%) | 76 (7.8%) | 91 (9.3%) | 102 (10.4%) | 0.009 |
| CKD | 46 (4.7%) | 51 (5.2%) | 59 (6.0%) | 112 (11.4%) | < 0.001 |
| MI presentation | |||||
| STEMI | 462 (47.2%) | 496 (50.7%) | 470 (48.1%) | 346 (35.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Normal LV function | 622 (63.6%) | 556 (57.0%) | 580 (59.4%) | 585 (59.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Peak troponin (Median (IQR)) | 7.6 (1.6, 31.6) | 9.7 (2.3, 50.1) | 8.7 (2.1, 37.7) | 4.1 (0.9, 16.1) | < 0.001 |
| GRACE score (Median (IQR)) | 7.6 (1.6, 31.6) | 9.7 (2.3, 50.1) | 8.7 (2.1, 37.7) | 4.1 (0.9, 16.1) | < 0.001 |
CABG= Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery, CKD= Chronic Kidney Disease, MI= Myocardial Infarction, PCI= Percutaneous Coronary Intervention