Schematic of the contemporary carbon ion radiation therapy facilities and gantries in Gunma, Japan showing the treatment rooms, ion source, synchrotron, and linear accelerator. Adapted from Noda et al., New Accelerator Facility for Carbon-Ion Cancer-Therapy. Journal of Radiation Research. 2007. 48: Suppl., A43-A54, by permission of Oxford University Press. 1B. Photo of the first carbon gantry built in Heidelberg, Germany shows the size of the gantry relative to a person. Reproduced with permission from Heidelberg University Hospital and the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center.