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. 2019 May 22;7:370. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00370

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Copyright © 2019 Zou, Sipponen and Österberg.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization of coating of CLPs with chitosan. (A) Photograph of the chi-CLP dispersions (0.2 wt%, with chitosan-to-CLP mass ratio varying from 0 to 200 mg/g) after storage for 2 h. (B) Particle diameter and zeta potential of chi-CLPs plotted against the mass ratio of chitosan to CLP. (C) QCM-D analysis of adsorbed mass of chitosan on lignin surface. (D) Particle diameter of chi-CLP75, chi-CLP100, and chi-CLP200 plotted against the chi-CLP concentration, chi-CLP dispersions were diluted with pH 4.5 aqueous acetic acid. (E) Zeta potential of chi-CLP75, chi-CLP100, and chi-CLP200 plotted against chi-CLP concentration, chi-CLP dispersions were diluted with pH 4.5 aqueous acetic acid. The error bars in (B,D,E) denote the standard deviations of three replicates. Note: chi-CLP10 was not measurable by DLS due to strong aggregation and sedimentation.