Figure 3.

Effect of chitosan to CLP mass ratio and chi-CLP concentration on the properties of olive oil-in-water (volume ratio 1:1) Pickering emulsions (formed by ultrasonication). (A) Photograph of the Pickering emulsions stabilized by 0.2 wt% chi-CLPs (0 to 200 mg/g). (B) Optical microscopic images of the Pickering emulsions stabilized by 0.2 wt% chi-CLPs (0 to 200 mg/g) (Scale bars: 200 μm). (C) Mean oil droplet diameter (d₄₃) and uniformity (according to Equation 1) plotted against the mass ratio of chitosan to CLP from 0 to 200 mg/g (0.2 wt%). The error bars denote standard deviations of six replicates. (D) Diameter distribution of the oil droplets stabilized by 0.2, 0.5, and 1 wt% chi-CLPs at a fixed mass ratio of 50 mg/g chitosan to CLP. Note: photograph, optical microscopic images and diameter measurements were done 24 h after emulsion formation.