Table 1:

Progression and treatment response phenotype.

Endpoint	Challenges	Advantages
ESRD	● Insensitive ● Long follow-up ● Low number of events	● Gold standard ● Clinically relevant for patient
eGFR decline 30 - 57 %	● Inter-lab assay variation ● Influenced by drugs hemodynamics ● Diet and hydration status influence  assay ● Variation attributed to nephron loss  only reliable in advanced DKD	● Higher precision in advanced  DKD ● Strong association with ESRD
eGFR slope	● Laboratory issues as described  above ● Non linearity in eGFR slopes  complicates interpretation ● Accuracy relies on multiple values  over time ● Cut-off value for steep or shallow  slope is arbitrary	● Can be used as continuous  variable or a cut-off value can  be applied to allow  dichotomous comparison ● Can be assessed earlier than  40% or 57% eGFR decline ● Allow studies in patients in  early stages DKD
UACR / Albuminuria /Proteinuria increase of 30%	● Reliability differs across assays ● Large day-to-day variation ● Unclear if decreased UACR  necessarily improve clinical  outcomes for all interventions	● Non-invasive ● High precision in early DKD