Table 1. Recent Studies showing the association between APN concentrations and risk of PC.
| Reference | Sample numbers | APN levels / OR | Comments / Conclusion | Other findings | TS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goktas S (15) | 30 PC | 5.3 ± 1.6 µg / mL | APN concentrations are lower in PC than BPH or in control subjects | APN are negatively associated with the histologic grade and disease stage of PC | CC |
| 41 BPH | 14.5 ± 4.4 µg / mL | ||||
| 36 Con | 16.2 ± 4.1 µg / mL | ||||
| Michalakis K (16) | 75 PC | 7.4 ± 5.0 µg / mL | Higher plasma APN concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of PC | AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in cancerous were weaker expressed compared with healthy prostate tissue | CC |
| 75 BPH | 11.5 ± 6.4 µg / mL | ||||
| 150 Con | 12.8 ± 8.0 µg / mL | ||||
| Schenk JM. (17) | 698 BPH | OR = 0.43 | High APN concentrations were associated with reduced risk of BPH | Neither C-peptide nor leptin was associated with BPH risk | NCC |
| 709 Con | |||||
| Li H (18) | 654 PC | Q1: 2.7 µg / mL | Higher APN concentrations have a lower risk for developing high-grade or metastatic cancer | Leptin was unrelated to PC risk or mortality | NCC |
| 644 Con | Q3: 6.3 µg / mL | ||||
| Q5: 13.3 µg / mL | |||||
| Tan W (19) | 96 PC | Low level of APN | APN was significantly decreased in PC compared with that of BPH tissues | APN may function as a tumor suppressor through inhibiting EMT of PC cells. | CC |
| 15 BPH | BPH: 1of 15 (6.7%) GS <7: 6of 27 (22%) | ||||
| GS = 7: 18of 26 (69%) | |||||
| Decreased APN level was significantly associated with high GS | |||||
| GS > 7: 32of43 (74%) | |||||
| Medina EA (22) | 228 PC | OR = 0.62 | Only HMW APN decreased the risk of PC in obese man | HMW increased the risk of PC in normal and overweight men | NCC |
| 239 Con | |||||
| Baillargeon J (23) | 125 PC | 17.9 ± 0.6 µg / mL | APN was not significant associated with PC risk | BMI was not associated with incident PC | NCC |
| 125 Con | 19.9 ± 13.2 µg / mL | ||||
| Stevens VL. (24) | 272 PC | OR = 1.11 | APN was not associated with risk of aggressive PC | C-peptide was not associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer | NCC |
| 272 Con | |||||
| Ikeda A. (25) | 24 PC | 9.96 µg / mL | APN was significantly and positively associated with PSA levels | High APN increased the Incidence of low-or mediate-risk PC in obese man | CS |
| 2817 Con | 7.64 µg / mL |
APN = adiponectin; PC = prostate cancer; BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia; Con = Control; TS = type of study; CC = case - control; NCC = nested-case-control; CS = cross-sectional; OR = odds ratio; Q5 = Highest quintile; Q3 = intermediate Quintile; Q1 = Lowest Quintile; GS = Gleason score; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.