Table 4. Meta regression results (using WTP in $/lb).
WLS with robust SEs | WLS with cluster robust SEs | Wild bootstrap cluster robust SEs | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |||||||
Coeff. | CI | Coeff. | CI | Coeff. | CI | Coeff. | CI | Coeff. | CI | Coeff. | CI | |
Constant | 6.179*** (2.303) | 1.563; 10.796 | 5.173** (2.203) | 0.757; 9.590 | 6.179*** (2.220) | 1.616; 10.743 | 5.173** (2.025) | 1.012; 9.335 | 6.179* [0.056] | 2.661; 9.894 | 5.173* [0.074] | 1.903; 8.350 |
sqrt(n) | -0.065** (0.027) | -0.119; -0.011 | -0.065** (0.031) | -0.130; -0.000 | -0.065* (0.080) | -0.120; -0.011 | ||||||
n | -0.002*** (0.000) | -0.003; -0.001 | -0.002*** (0.001) | -0.003; -0.000 | -0.002*** [0.002] | -0.003; -0.001 | ||||||
Year of study | -0.633* (0.330) | -1.294; 0.028 | -0.814** (0.330) | -1.476; -0.152 | -0.633* (0.359) | -1.371; 0.106 | -0.814** (0.345) | -1.524; -0.104 | -0.633* [0.084] | -1.213; -0.025 | -0.814** [0.030] | -1.371; -0.243 |
Country of study—US | 0.805** (0.352) | 0.099; 1.511 | 0.785** (0.334) | 0.115; 1.454 | 0.805** (0.386) | 0.011; 1.599 | 0.785** (0.353) | 0.058; 1.511 | 0.805 [0.146] | 0.189; 1.487 | 0.785* [0.088] | 0.225; 1.397 |
Animal products | 1.056*** (0.358) | 0.339; 1.774 | 1.025*** (0.352) | 0.318; 1.732 | 1.056*** (0.402) | 0.230; 1.883 | 1.025** (0.402) | 0.198; 1.852 | 1.056** [0.028] | 0.402; 1.777 | 1.025** [0.026] | 0.361; 1.734 |
Processed products | 1.415*** (0.534) | 0.344; 2.485 | 1.547*** (0.538) | 0.468; 2.625 | 1.415** (0.575) | 0.233; 2.596 | 1.547*** (0.563) | 0.389;2.704 | 1.415* [0.076] | 0.453; 2.359 | 1.547* [0.052] | 0.623; 2.505 |
Local def.–state grown | 0.095 (0.403) | -0.713; 0.902 | 0.068 (0.394) | -0.723; 0.859 | 0.095 (0.494) | -0.921; 1.111 | 0.068 (0.475) | -0.907; 1.044 | 0.095 [0.876] | -0.713; 0.912 | 0.068 [0.918] | -0.712 0.841 |
Local def.–specific region | -0.042 (0.245) | -0.554; 0.450 | 0.012 (0.230) | -0.449; 0.472 | -0.042 (0.229) | -0.513; 0.430 | 0.012 (0.215) | -0.429; 0.453 | -0.042 [0.906] | -0.426; 0.345 | 0.012 [0.924] | -0.361; 0.378 |
Local def.–general | -0.079 (0.481) | -1.043; 0.886 | -0.238 (0.488) | -1.216; 0.740 | -0.079 (0.609) | -1.330; 1.173 | -0.238 (0.615) | -1.501; 1.026 | -0.079 [0.978] | -1.096; 0.963 | -0.238 [0.798] | -1.278; 0.789 |
Method—choice experiment | 2.139*** (0.733) | 0.669; 3.608 | 2.007*** (0.727) | 0.551; -3.464 | 2.139*** (0.764) | 0.569; 3.709 | 2.007*** (0.737) | 0.493; 3.522 | 2.139** [0.060] | 0.925; 3.446 | 2.007* [0.064] | 0.854; 3.246 |
Hypothetical experiment | -0.344 (0.434) | -1.215; 0.527 | -0.443 (0.421) | -1.287; 0.401 | -0.344 (0.463) | -1.295; 0.607 | -0.443 (0.430) | -1.326; 0.440 | -0.344 [0.484] | -1.113; 0.474 | -0.443 [0.308] | -1.122; 0.316 |
Participants’ origin—shoppers | -0.334 (0.374) | -1.084; 0.417 | -0.583 (0.383) | -1.351; 0.185 | -0.334 (0.414) | -1.185; 0.517 | -0.583 (0.410) | -1.427; 0.260 | -0.334 [0.538] | -1.025; 0.338 | -0.583 [0.246] | -1.291; 0.079 |
Number of attributes | -0.257 (0.188) | -0.634; 0.120 | -0.131 (0.173) | -0.477; 0.215 | -0.257 (0.196) | -0.659; 0.145 | -0.131 (0.181) | -0.502; 0.240 | -0.257 [0.308] | -0.598; 0.071 | -0.131 [0.532] | -0.452; 0.179 |
Age | -0.064 (0.040) | -0.144; 0.015 | -0.052 (0.039) | -0.130; 0.026 | -0.064 (0.041) | -0.149; 0.020 | -0.052 (0.040) | -0.133; 0.030 | -0.064 [0.296] | -0.136; 0.006 | -0.052 [0.338] | -0.120; 0.017 |
Gender | -0.035* (0.019) | -0.072; 0.024 | -0.038** (0.018) | -0.074; 0.002 | -0.035* (0.021) | -0.077; 0.008 | -0.038** (0.019) | -0.077; 0.001 | -0.035 [0.182] | -0.070; 0.000 | -0.038* [0.010] | -0.071; -0.006 |
obs | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | ||||||
F | 3.940 | 5.030 | 4.670 | 6.480 | ||||||||
Prob >F | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||||
R2 | 0.386 | 0.413 | 0.386 | 0.413 | 0.386 | 0.413 | ||||||
Adj, R2 | 0.227 | 0.260 | 0.227 | 0.260 | 0.227 | 0.260 |
Note: Dependent variable is WTP for local; Standard errors in parentheses; p-values in brackets. CI refers to 95% confidence interval.
***, **, * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10%-level, respectively. sqrt(n) is used as weight.