Table 1.

Maternal and infant characteristics for the full sample and by prenatal depression group

	Total (n=153) Mean (SD), N (%2)	Prenatal MDD1 (n=64) Mean (SD), N (%2)	Preconception-only MDD1 (n=39) Mean (SD), N (%2)	Controls (n=50) Mean (SD), N (%2)
Maternal Characteristics
Maternal age (years)	26 (6)	26 (6)	29 (5)	25 (5) **
Race (% non-Hispanic White)	71 (46%)	22 (34%)	26 (67%)	23 (46%) **
Education (% ≤ HS degree)	58 (38%)	31 (48%)	7 (18%)	20 (40%) **
Low SES3	50 (33%)	27 (42%)	7 (18%)	16 (33%) *
Gravida4	2 (2)	3 (2)	2 (1)	2 (1) *
Depressive Symptoms5	17 (10)	24 (11)	14 (5)	10 (5) ***
Prenatal anxiety6	24 (16%)	16 (25%)	7 (19%)	1 (2%) **
Postpartum MDD7	16 (10%)	12 (19%)	2 (5%)	2 (4%) *
Prenatal substance use8	13 (8%)	7 (11%)	4 (10%)	2 (4%)
Pre-pregnancy BMI9	26 (6)	26 (8)	27 (5)	25 (5)
Attachment to infant10	3.9 (.5)	3.8 (.6)	4.0 (.4)	3.9 (.4)
Infant Characteristics
Sex (% female)	73 (48%)	28 (44%)	19 (49%)	26 (52%)
Delivery Mode (% vaginal)	111 (73%)	49 (77%)	25 (64%)	37 (74%)
Gestational age at birth (wks)	40 (1)	40 (1)	40 (1)	40 (1)
Infant birthweight percentile11	45 (25)	42 (26)	47 (24)	46 (26)
Infant Apgar at 5 min ≥ 9	138 (90%)	56 (90%)	38 (97%)	44 (88%)

^*NOTE: p<.05;

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001.

¹MDD=major depressive disorder;

²Percentages are calculated based on available data for each variable.

³Based on a score of 4 or 5 on the Hollingshead Index;

⁴Number of pregnancies (including current);

⁵Number of depressive symptoms measured on the Inventory for Depressive Symptoms, Self Report version (IDS-SR) averaged over three pregnancy interviews;

⁶Diagnosed anxiety disorder during pregnancy measured by structured clinical interview;

⁷Diagnosed depressive episode during the postpartum period measured by structured clinical interview;

⁸>1 cigarette or drink per week, or meconium positive for nicotine or marijuana metabolites;

⁹BMI=Body Mass Index.

¹⁰Measured by Maternal Attachment Inventory completed one month postpartum;

¹¹Birth weight percentile for gestational age.