Table 3.

Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on indices of fetal neurobehavior.

		Unadjusted		Adjusted
Fetal Outcome	Source	X2	Sig.	X2	Sig.
Breathing Movements	Maternal Smoking	1.80	0.180	0.97	0.325
	Stimulus	0.30	0.584	0.07	0.787
	Maternal Smoking*Stimulus	0.01	0.940	0.00	0.997
Mouthing Movements	Maternal Smoking	3.43	0.064	0.62	0.430
	Stimulus	0.55	0.460	0.04	0.847
	Maternal Smoking*Stimulus	1.30	0.254	0.14	0.711
Isolated Movements	Maternal Smoking	3.82	0.051	0.61	0.433
	Stimulus	9.79	0.002	8.87	0.003
	Maternal Smoking*Stimulus	0.13	0.720	0.21	0.651
Complex Body Movements	Maternal Smoking	2.02	0.155	1.89	0.169
	Stimulus	0.13	0.714	0.29	0.590
	Maternal Smoking*Stimulus	0.19	0.664	0.08	0.775
Fetal Quality of Movement	Maternal Smoking	2.68	0.101	4.68	0.598
	Stimulus	2.15	0.142	0.87	0.112
	Maternal Smoking*Stimulus	0.03	0.869	0.17	0.652
Fetal Activity	Maternal Smoking	9.63	0.002	3.80	0.051
	Stimulus	3.94	0.047	4.03	0.045
	Maternal Smoking*Stimulus	0.20	0.652	0.15	0.697
Fetal Cardiac-Somatic Coupling	Maternal Smoking	1.01	0.316	0.09	0.762
	Stimulus	0.02	0.885	0.06	0.803
	Maternal Smoking*Stimulus	0.24	0.625	0.10	0.748

NOTE: Statistically significant effects and trends are highlighted in bold. Maternal depression severity was included as a covariate in all adjusted models; significant relationships emerged between maternal depression and fetal mouthing movements (X²=10.45, p<.001), isolated movements (X²=4.41, p<.03) and fetal quality of movement (X²=9.7, p<.002).