Table 3.

Cox proportional hazard (CPH) models for individuals developing persistent microalbuminuria vs. those without microalbuminuria. Models were developed using time-dependent and fixed-variable calculation of mean-A1c and SD-A1c. Duration of T1D was the time variable in the CPH models. Models 1C and 2C were adjusted for sex, race, and age at T1D diagnosis. Results shown are hazard ratios (HR) for every 1-U increase in each variable

Cox proportional hazard
Time-dependent models				Fixed-variable models
Model	HR	95% CI	p-value	Model	HR	95% CI	p-value
Model 1A				Model 2A
Mean-A1c series	1.08	0.89–1.32	0.43	Mean-A1c	1.02	0.81–1.25	0.94
Model 1B				Model 2B
SD-A1c series	1.75	1.35–2.30	<0.0001	SD-A1c	1.87	1.50–2.32	<0.0001
Model 1C				Model 2C
Mean-A1c series	0.98	0.78–1.25	0.90	Mean-A1c	0.85	0.66–1.09	0.20
SD-A1c series	1.71	1.22–2.40	0.02	SD-A1c	2.18	1.58–2.99	<0.0001
Age at T1D	1.09	1.00–1.19	0.048	Age at T1D	1.06	0.98–1.16	0.15
Sex (M vs. F)	0.62	0.36–1.07	0.08	Sex (M vs. F)	0.6	0.35–1.04	0.07
Race				Race
AA vs. Caucasian	0.44	0.13–1.50	0.21	AA vs. Caucasian	0.39	0.10–1.46	0.39
Other vs. Caucasian	0.46	0.07–3.40	0.45	Other vs. Caucasian	0.46	0.06–3.37	0.45

CI, confidence interval; F, female; M, male; SD, standard deviation.

Significant values of p that are < 0.05 are given in bold.