Table 2.
Associations between distance to major roadway and failure of childhood developmental milestone by 3 years of age
| Any domain | Fine motor | Gross motor | Communication | Personal-social | Problem solving | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distance (meter) | n | Adjusteda RR (95% CI) | n | Adjusteda RR (95% CI) | n | Adjusteda RR (95% CI) | n | Adjusteda RR (95% CI) | n | Adjusteda RR (95% CI) | n | Adjusteda RR (95% CI) |
| <50 | 182 | 1.18(0.75,1.86) | 68 | 1.56(0.74,3.29) | 75 | 1.19(0.60,2.38) | 82 | 1.74(0.80,3.77) | 78 | 2.05(0.96,4.37) | 60 | 1.32(0.61,2.86) |
| 50–100 | 204 | 1.20(0.77,1.86) | 75 | 1.60(0.78,3.27) | 80 | 0.88(0.44,1.77) | 101 | 2.12(1.00,4.52)* | 93 | 1.87(0.88,3.98) | 72 | 1.41(0.69,2.89) |
| 100–500 | 760 | 1.16(0.76,1.75) | 316 | 1.66(0.86,3.22) | 300 | 0.84(0.46,1.54) | 337 | 2.07(1.02,4.22)* | 318 | 1.73(0.84,3.53) | 281 | 1.50(0.77,2.92) |
| 500–1000 | 125 | 1.16(0.72,1.88) | 46 | 1.46(0.59,3.60) | 45 | 0.94(0.41,2.18) | 58 | 2.07(0.93,4.62) | 57 | 1.57(0.70,3.52) | 40 | 0.89(0.37,2.15) |
| >1000 | 58 | Reference | 16 | Reference | 25 | Reference | 22 | Reference | 21 | Reference | 19 | Reference |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; RR, relative risk
a
Adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal smoking, pregnancy alcohol consumption, insurance status, plurality, gestational complications, gestational age, birthweight, season of conception, average annual daily traffic, and fertility treatment status.
*
Indicates significance at α<0.05