Table 3:

Care Team Navigator Psychosocial approaches to addressing caregiver self-efficacy (focus group and interviews)

Theme	Sub-theme	Examples of CTN Approachss
Emotional support	Build social and emotional rapport	• Supportive listening • Consistent contact through monthly or more frequent phone calls • Provide genuine acknowledgment of the caregiver’s strengths and skills (e.g. they are organized, caring, have strong advocacy skills)
	Help caregiver take care of own emotional and physical health and wellbeing	• Foster the idea that protection of the caregiver’s health is vital • Reinforce the idea that self-identity does not have to be only as a caregiver (e.g. connect to a social club to foster friendship and social network, connect to past activities such as kayaking, yoga) • Coach on ways to ask for and receive help from others (e.g. friends, families) • Refer caregivers to therapy, support groups, mindfulness classes, etc.
Informational Support	Prepare caregiver to handle what is going on	• Help caregiver reframe expectations about the abilities of the person with dementia • Provide strategies to enhance communication (limit choice, simplify content, limit use of logical reasoning) with person with dementia • Educate about the nature of dementia and the inevitability of deterioration despite good caregiving • Educate caregiver about approaches to understanding and responding to the person with dementia’s behavior and personality changes
	Prepare caregiver to handle the future	• Provide book titles and information about support groups, therapists • Address financial questions and concerns about how to pay for care and linkages to respite grants, public benefits, and elder law attorneys • Explore all potential options for future scenarios in care delivery (e.g. home with paid care or long-term care in a facility) • Educate about potential safety risks (falls; wandering; household hazards) • Provide education on recognition of delirium
Instrumental Support	Linkages to supportive services	• Identify and facilitate respite (day programs; in-home care) • Identify and facilitate skills training • Referrals to community services (meal delivery; case management; technology; supplies and equipment; home safety assessments) • Referrals to medical services (palliative care; hospice; specialty providers; primary care providers)