Table 1.
Participant Demographic Information and Descriptive Statistics of Study Variables
| Total Sample | Non-Hispanic Black | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic White | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N or Mean (SD or %) | N or Mean (SD or %) | N or Mean (SD or %) | N or Mean (SD or %) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1,648 (49.8%) | 268 (48.1%) | 200 (48.9%) | 1,180 (50.3%) |
| Female | 1,664 (50.2%) | 289 (51.9%) | 207 (51.1%) | 1,166 (49.7%) |
| Income CategoryA, B | ||||
| Poverty | 418 (12.6%) | 168 (30.2%) | 73 (17.8%) | 177 (7.5%) |
| Non-poverty | 2,894 (87.4%) | 345 (61.9%) | 308 (75.3%) | 2,008 (85.6%) |
| Age | 14.67 (1.66) | 14.60 (1.65) | 14.62 (1.63) | 14.70 (1.67) |
| Perception of Neighborhood Safety‡ | ||||
| AdolescentA, B | 2.95 (0.99) | 2.70 (1.05) | 2.72 (1.05) | 3.05 (0.95) |
| ParentA, B | 2.47 (0.96) | 1.74 (0.85) | 2.20 (0.92) | 2.70 (0.89) |
| Head of Household Marital StatusA, B | ||||
| Married | 2,358 (71.2%) | 238 (42.7%) | 260 (63.6%) | 1,860 (79.3%) |
| Not Married | 954 (28.8%) | 314 (57.3%) | 149 (36.4%) | 486 (20.7%) |
| Head of Household EducationA, B | ||||
| No formal schooling | 3 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.1%) |
| 1st through 7th Grade | 18 (0.5%) | 2 (0.4%) | 11 (2.7%) | 5 (0.2%) |
| Completed 8th Grade | 22 (0.7%) | 3 (0.5%) | 6 (1.5%) | 13 (0.6%) |
| Some High School | 186 (5.6%) | 52 (9.3%) | 36 (8.8%) | 98 (4.2%) |
| High School Graduate | 870 (26.3%) | 196 (35.2%) | 113 (27.6%) | 561 (23.9%) |
| Some College | 952 (28.7%) | 176 (31.6%) | 132 (32.3%) | 644 (27.5%) |
| Four-Year College Graduate | 698 (21.1%) | 78 (14.0%) | 66 (16.1%) | 554 (23.6%) |
| Some Graduate School | 84 (2.5%) | 5 (0.9%) | 12 (2.9%) | 67 (2.9%) |
| Graduate Degree | 467 (14.1%) | 43 (7.7%) | 30 (7.3%) | 394 (16.8%) |
| Any Wave 1 viol. Exp.A, B | 1,638 (49.5%) | 347 (62.3%) | 224 (54.8%) | 1,067 (45.5%) |
| New Wave 2 viol. Exp.A, B | 543 (24.5%) | 116 (35.3%) | 78 (30.4%) | 349 (20.2%) |
| New Wave 3 viol. Exp.A, B | 266 (17.5%) | 55 (28.9%) | 32 (21.9%) | 199 (15.1%) |
| Polyvictimization1 | ||||
| Wave 12, A, B | 1.40 (4.08) | 1.83 (4.51) | 1.71 (5.14) | 1.25 (3.71) |
| Wave 2A, B | 0.42 (0.82) | 0.66 (1.11) | 0.58 (1.15) | 0.36 (0.70) |
| Wave 3A, B | 0.29 (0.55) | 0.52 (0.93) | 0.42 (0.83) | 0.29 (0.44) |
| PTSS1 | ||||
| Wave 1 | 1.64 (8.52) | 1.81 (9.59) | 1.91 (8.84) | 1.55 (8.19) |
| Wave 2A | 2.00 (12.37) | 2.61 (17.78) | 2.36 (12.63) | 1.83 (11.18) |
| Wave 3 | 1.71 (11.19) | 2.03 (13.65) | 2.09 (10.29) | 1.62 (10.86) |
| Delinquency1 | ||||
| Wave 1A, B | 722 (21.8%) | 194 (34.8%) | 114 (27.9%) | 414 (17.6%) |
| Wave 2A | 239 (10.4%) | 53 (16.1%) | 29 (11.3%) | 157 (9.1%) |
| Wave 3A | 149 (9.9%) | 30 (15.8%) | 18 (12.5%) | 101 (8.6%) |
Note: PTSS-Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
1
Sample sizes vary for polyvictimization, PTSS, and delinquency measures due to attrition across waves of data collection
2
Wave 1 polyvictimization scores represent lifetime polyvictimization at the wave, whereas Wave 2 and Wave 3 polyvictimization scores represent past-year polyvictimization.
A
Unadjusted p-values < .01 for comparisons of African American youth to White youth.
B
Unadjusted p-values < .01 for comparisons of Hispanic youth to White youth.