Table 2.

Broad categories of suggested responses to OA in the social science literature (e.g. Cooley and Doney 2009; Billé et al. 2013)

Category of response	Target
Mitigation of the main source of OA	Anthropogenic CO2 emissions
Mitigation of other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions	NOx and SOx emissions
Mitigation of other local/regional factors that contribute to (or compound the effect of) OA	Pollution, eutrophication (phosphor, nitrogen), biodiversity loss
Adaptation of ecosystems and human activities that build resilience to OA	Reducing environmental stress through adjusted fishing quotas and fishery management plans (encouraging multispecies fishing), enhanced electrochemical weathering, increasing aquaculture, labour market adjustments (supporting job transitions from fishery/tourism), social support to local marine-resource-dependent communities in transition
Restoration activity	Developing marine protected areas, enabling the survival of non-commercial species and the preservation of fundamental ecosystem functions and services, reintroduction of coral and marine plants, e.g. seagrasses