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. 2019 May 29;9:8046. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44469-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The comparisons of in-sample simulations and out-of-sample predictions among these three models selected. (a) Comparison between the actual observations and the results from the SARIMA model. (b) Comparison between the actual observations and the results from the NAR model. (c) Comparison between the actual observations and the results from the LSTM model. The shaded area represents the validation sets from July 2017 to June 2018, in which the comparative results between the values predicted by the three selected models and the actual suggest that the curve forecasted by LSTM model is more proximal to the actual. As presented in (c), the red dotted line stands for the trends from July 2018 to December 2020 projected by the LSTM method.