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. 2019 May 29;9:8047. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44390-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Identification of plant-derived polyphenols in bones and bone model. (a) Relative ion abundances for the 5 metabolites identified from our in house ‘polyphenol database’ across the 5 Sardinian bones extracts (error bars st. dev; n = 3). (b) PCA scores plot shows samples cluster into dietary groups based on their compound feature composition. (c) Table showing the calculated amount of urolithin A in each of the five Sardinian pig bone samples (NF-not found) (mean values n = 5). (d) A list of percentage binding to hydroxyapatite (HAP), for polyphenolic compounds chosen to demonstrate a range of molecular weights and structures. Further details along with compound structures provided in an expanded table in SI (Supplementary Fig. 6 and Table 3).