Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants according to quartiles of magnesium.
| Quartiles of Magnesium | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (Low) | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 (High) | ||
| Magnesium (mg/dl) | 1.29 ± 0.02 | 1.74 ± 0.01 | 1.96 ± 0.04 | 2.31 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 62.4 ± 0.6 | 59.4 ± 0.6 | 58.4 ± 0.6 | 57.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Sex (%Men) | 82.8 | 81.1 | 85.3 | 85.7 | 0.494 |
| Weight (Kg) | 85.3 ± 0.9 | 84.5 ± 0.9 | 84.1 ± 0.9 | 85.4 ± 0.9 | 0.913 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 31.3 ± 0.3 | 30.9 ± 0.3 | 30.7 ± 0.3 | 31.0 ± 0.3 | 0.470 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 106.7 ± 0.7 | 104.8 ± 0.7 | 104.4 ± 0.8 | 104.7 ± 0.8 | 0.123 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.3 ± 0.7 | 76.2 ± 0.7 | 77.8 ± 0.7 | 77.3 ± 0.7 | 0.484 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 145.5 ± 1.3 | 137.6 ± 1.3 | 135.8 ± 1.3 | 135.2 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) | 128.2 ± 2.7 | 113.7 ± 2.7 | 109.6 ± 2.8 | 106.4 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.15 ± 0.07 | 6.61 ± 0.07 | 6.52 ± 0.07 | 6.25 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| Fasting Insulin(mU/L) | 12.4 ± 0.7 | 11.0 ± 0.7 | 9.89 ± 0.7 | 10.6 ± 0.7 | 0.089 |
| HOMA-IR | 5.12 ± 0.28 | 4.19 ± 0.29 | 3.63 ± 0.30 | 3.83 ± 0.29 | 0.001 |
| HOMA-Beta | 75.3 ± 3.5 | 82.9 ± 3.5 | 86.7 ± 3.6 | 93.4 ± 3.5 | 0.003 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 40.7 ± 0.6 | 42.3 ± 0.6 | 42.0 ± 0.7 | 43.8 ± 0.7 | 0.011 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 153.7 ± 2.1 | 159.6 ± 2.1 | 158.9 ± 2.1 | 165.4 ± 2.1 | 0.002 |
| Tryglicerides (mg/dl) | 140.5 ± 5.8 | 137.8 ± 5.9 | 132.5 ± 6.0 | 150.7 ± 5.9 | 0.183 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 84.2 ± 1.7 | 89.0 ± 1.7 | 90.5 ± 1.8 | 91.0 ± 1.8 | 0.020 |
| ApoA-I (mg/dl) | 125.9 ± 1.4 | 129.9 ± 1.4 | 128.5 ± 1.4 | 134.5 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| ApoB (mg/dl) | 72.8 ± 1.2 | 73.3 ± 1.2 | 73.2 ± 1.2 | 75.9 ± 1.2 | 0.267 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 0.87 ± 0.01 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 0.095 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 89.3 ± 1.3 | 93.1 ± 1.3 | 94.7 ± 1.4 | 94.8 ± 1.4 | 0.012 |
| Phosphate(mg/dl) | 3.62 ± 0.04 | 3.64 ± 0.04 | 3.58 ± 0.05 | 3.53 ± 0.05 | 0.318 |
| Corrected calcium (mg/dl) | 9.64 ± 0.03 | 9.55 ± 0.03 | 9.52 ± 0.03 | 9.53 ± 0.03 | 0.010 |
| IMT-CC (mm) | 0.81 ± 0.01 | 0.70 ± 0.01 | 0.68 ± 0.01 | 0.68 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (% current smokers) | 10.1 | 8.90 | 9.00 | 9.70 | 0.965 |
| Diabetes (%) | 64.1 | 35.2 | 31.6 | 13.0 | <0.001 |
| Medication use | |||||
| Lipid lowering drugs: | |||||
| Statins (%) | 87.3 | 86.4 | 87.2 | 81.5 | 0.234 |
| Fibrates (%) | 0.80 | 2.10 | 0.90 | 1.80 | 0.593 |
| Others (%) | 4.60 | 4.70 | 5.70 | 4.80 | 0.952 |
| Diuretic use | 40.9 | 39.0 | 36.4 | 35.7 | 0.615 |
| Nitrates | 10.7 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 0.722 |
| Antiarrhythmic drug | 2.0 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 0.544 |
| Oral anticoagulant drugs | 2.8 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.794 |
| Proton Bomb Inhibitors | 75.4 | 79.3 | 76.6 | 76.3 | 0.765 |
| Antidepressant | 9.9 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 12.0 | 0.694 |
| Oral Antidiabetic drugs | 22.2 | 10.2 | 11.3 | 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Insulin use | 14.7 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 3.3 | <0.001 |
Values are means ± SE. Continuous variables were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative variables were compared using Chi Square test. BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance; HOMA-Beta, Homeostasis Model Assessment-beta cell function; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ApoA-I, apoliprotein A-I; ApoB, Apolipoprotein B; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.